An apparatus includes a magnetic apparatus that defines an actuation volume that is large enough to accommodate a sample, the magnetic apparatus including a magnet that is configured to create a magnetic field having a magnitude B in the sample when supplied with a DC current; at least one biological construct within the sample, the biological construct configured to change its status in response to a change in a property; and at least one magnetocaloric actuator coupled with the biological construct. A change in a characteristic in the actuation volume causes the property of the magnetocaloric actuator to change, which causes a change in the status of the biological construct.

An apparatus includes a magnetic apparatus that defines an actuation volume that is large enough to accommodate a sample, the magnetic apparatus including a magnet that is configured to create a magnetic field having a magnitude B in the sample when supplied with a DC current; at least one biological construct within the sample, the biological construct configured to change its status in response to a change in a property; and at least one magnetocaloric actuator coupled with the biological construct. A change in a characteristic in the actuation volume causes the property of the magnetocaloric actuator to change, which causes a change in the status of the biological construct.

One embodiment includes a heater system. The system includes a current source configured to generate an input current and to receive a return current. The system also includes a heater configured to generate heat in response to the input current. The system further includes a plurality of current lead wires interconnecting the current source and the heater and being configured to provide the input current to the heater and to conduct the return current from the heater. Each of the plurality of current lead wires is arranged on a separate substrate layer such that each of the plurality of current lead wires are each spaced apart from each other. At least one of the input current and the return current is divided to be conducted on two or more of the plurality of current lead wires.

A container has a sample installation unit and an NMR circuit therein, and is connected to a bearing gas supply path and a drive gas supply path for supplying gas to the inside of that container. This container is also connected to an exhaust path that exhausts the gas from the inside of the container. The exhaust path has a pressure control valve as an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure in the container.

A method and an apparatus for measuring oil content of a tight reservoir based on nuclear magnetic resonance includes applying a pulse sequence to a tight reservoir rock, and after applying a first pulse and a last pulse in the pulse sequence, applying a gradient magnetic field to the tight reservoir rock, respectively, directions of the two applied gradient magnetic fields being opposite to each other, wherein the pulse sequence is composed of three 90 pulses; acquiring a nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the tight reservoir rock; and determining oil content of the tight reservoir rock according to an intensity of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal. The method can accurately distinguish an oil phase nuclear magnetic resonance signal and a water phase nuclear magnetic resonance signal in nanopores of tight reservoir rock, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the detection result of the oil content of the tight reservoir rock.

A method and an apparatus for measuring oil content of a tight reservoir based on nuclear magnetic resonance includes applying a pulse sequence to a tight reservoir rock, and after applying a first pulse and a last pulse in the pulse sequence, applying a gradient magnetic field to the tight reservoir rock, respectively, directions of the two applied gradient magnetic fields being opposite to each other, wherein the pulse sequence is composed of three 90 pulses; acquiring a nuclear magnetic resonance signal of the tight reservoir rock; and determining oil content of the tight reservoir rock according to an intensity of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal. The method can accurately distinguish an oil phase nuclear magnetic resonance signal and a water phase nuclear magnetic resonance signal in nanopores of tight reservoir rock, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the detection result of the oil content of the tight reservoir rock.

A rotor housing assembly for NMR spectroscopy. An elongate rotor has a distal drive end, a proximal end and an internal sample space positioned along its length between the drive and proximal ends. The rotor is driveable about a rotation axis by a drive gas flow. A rotor housing has an interior space in which the rotor is at least partially received. At least one first heated gas flow inlet is positioned opposite the internal sample space, through which a first heated gas flow is controllably flowable into the interior space to heat it and the rotor. At least a pair of spaced apart second heated gas flow outlets are axially spaced from the first heated gas flow inlet to controllably convey a second heated gas flow to heat distal and proximal areas of the sample space to minimize a temperature gradient extending axially within the sample space.

A rotor housing assembly for NMR spectroscopy. An elongate rotor has a distal drive end, a proximal end and an internal sample space positioned along its length between the drive and proximal ends. The rotor is driveable about a rotation axis by a drive gas flow. A rotor housing has an interior space in which the rotor is at least partially received. At least one first heated gas flow inlet is positioned opposite the internal sample space, through which a first heated gas flow is controllably flowable into the interior space to heat it and the rotor. At least a pair of spaced apart second heated gas flow outlets are axially spaced from the first heated gas flow inlet to controllably convey a second heated gas flow to heat distal and proximal areas of the sample space to minimize a temperature gradient extending axially within the sample space.

A monitoring device is provided for analytical measurement of reaction fluid produced in a reaction vessel in a spectrometer with a monitoring cell. The distribution apparatus includes at least four supply and return lines that open into the distribution apparatus, wherein the distribution apparatus comprises a distribution device for distributing reaction fluid to the supply and return lines. The distribution apparatus comprises a distribution vessel in which the distribution device and an electrically controllable pump device for pumping of the reaction fluid are provided, wherein the distribution device comprises an electrically controllable valve device for distributing the reaction fluid to the lines that open into the distribution vessel. A control and regulating device for electrical control of the pump device and of the valve device is provided, wherein reaction control is prompt, automated, and optimized with respect to process parameters, and wherein temperature control may include the entire flow path.

A pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer comprises: a microwave excitation generating unit for generating at least one microwave pulse; a microwave conducting unit comprising a resonant cavity and a microwave transmission line for transmitting microwaves, wherein the microwave transmission line is connected between the microwave excitation generating unit and the resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity is for placing a sample; a cryostat and magnet unit comprising a cryostat that performs ultra-low temperature cooling for the microwave resonant cavity, the microwave transmission line being disposed to pass through the cryostat and connected to the resonant cavity; the cryostat and magnet unit further comprises a magnet that provides a resonance test magnetic field around the sample, the resonant cavity being disposed in a room temperature gap of the magnet. The device of the present disclosure characteristics in ultra-low sample temperature (0.1 Kelvin) and is fully functional and easy to operate.