Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for performing EEG source localization. One of the methods includes obtaining brain data comprising: EEG data comprising respective channel data corresponding to each of a plurality of electrodes of an EEG sensor, and fMRI data comprising respective voxel data corresponding to each of a plurality of voxels; identifying, in a three-dimensional coordinate system, a respective location for each electrode; generating, using the respective identified locations of each electrode, data representing a location in the three-dimensional coordinate system of each voxel; determining, for each electrode, a region of interest in the three-dimensional coordinate system; and identifying, for each electrode, one or more corresponding parcellations in the brain of the subject, wherein each parcellation that corresponds to an electrode at least partially overlaps with the region of interest of the electrode.

Systems as described herein can include diagnosing and treating patients with chronic conditions, such as chronic back pain. A transition to chronic pain can include brain adaptations that can carve the state of chronic pain. Additionally, pain characteristics, pain related disability, and responses to treatment can be at least partially determined by psychological factors and/or personality properties. Patients can be classified into a plurality (e.g., five) neuropsychotypes based on set of brain imaging data and psychological assessment. Once classified, personalized treatment options can be developed for chronic pain patients. However, it should be noted that any of a variety of patients with any of a variety of chronic disorders such as, but not limited to, chronic negative mood disorders, such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety, can be diagnosed and treated using any of the systems and processes described herein.

Described herein is a method to detect perfusion and brain functional activity using Hyperpolarized xenon-129 (.sup.129Xe) Time-of-Flight (TOF) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Specifically, this method uses hyperpolarized .sup.129Xe MRI to detect blood flow and perfusion changes in the region of interest. In addition, this method can be used to detect blood flow changes in brain tissue that corresponds to the brain functional activities by detecting the amount of .sup.129Xe dissolved in blood and brain tissue per unit of time.

In a method and apparatus for acquiring magnetic resonance data, a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging sequence is executed in alternation with a morphological data acquisition sequence. The alternating sequences are executed with no time interruptions therebetween, with at least one repetition of the alternating sequences. The resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging sequence can be a BOLD-EPI sequence, and the morphological imaging sequence can be an MPRAGE sequence.

The multi-modal imaging system, in particular for brain imaging, comprising a pump signal generator which emits at least one pump signal in the radio frequency (RF)-range with a first power P1 and a second power P2, a wireless detection unit, which comprises at least one parametric resonator circuit with multiple resonance modes, wherein the at least one parametric resonator circuit comprises at least two varactors, at least one capacitor and at least one inductance, wherein, in a first detection mode, the pump signal, having a first power P1, induces a first pump current in the at least one parametric resonator circuit, wherein the at least one parametric resonator circuit is operated below its oscillation threshold and generates a first output signal by amplifying a first input signal, which is provided due to a magnetic-resonance (MR) measurement, wherein an external receiving device receives the first output signal, wherein, in a second detection mode, the pump signal, having a second power P2, induces a second pump current in the at least one parametric resonator circuit, wherein the at least one parametric resonator circuit is operated above its oscillation threshold and generates a second output signal, wherein the second output signal is modulated with a second input signal, wherein the second input signal is provided by at least one neuronal probe device, connected to the at least one parametric resonator circuit, wherein the external receiving device receives the second output signal.

The invention provides a method of medical imaging. The method comprises: receiving, for a current active time window (204A-N) and during a brain activity analysis session (200, 500), fMRI data of a region of interest (309) of a subject (318) in an active state. A transverse relaxation, T2*, map may be generated from the fMRI data using a predefined model of fMRI data variations. The generated T2* map may be compared with a reference T2* map. A blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) response of the region of interest (309) during the current active time window (204 A-N) may be estimated using the results of the comparison.

A mobile computer suitable for use in an MRI environment is disclosed. The mobile computer includes at least one shielded cavity in which the electronics for the mobile computer are inserted. The shielded cavity inhibits undesirable emissions from the mobile computer from affecting the quality of the image obtained by the MRI scanner and inhibits electrical interference generated by the dynamic magnetic fields in the MRI scanner from affecting the performance of the mobile computer. In addition, the components used in the mobile computer are selected from non-ferrous materials and are arranged in a manner to minimize interaction between the mobile computer and the MRI scanner.

Repetitive electrical activity produces microstructural alteration in myelinated axons. These transient microstructural changes can be non-invasively visualized via two different magnetic-resonance-based approaches: diffusion fMRI and dynamic T.sub.2 spectroscopy in the ex vivo perfused bullfrog sciatic nerves. Non-invasive diffusion fMRI, based on standard diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), clearly localized the sites of axonal conduction blockage as might be encountered in neurotrauma or other lesion types. Diffusion fMRI response was graded in proportion to the total number of electrical impulses carried through a given locus. Diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) method revealed a reversible shift of tissue water into a restricted isotropic diffusion signal component, consistent with sub-myelinic vacuole formation.

A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes sequence controlling circuitry and processing circuitry. The sequence controlling circuitry is configured to execute a first pulse sequence including application of a Magnetization Transfer (MT) pulse and to subsequently execute a second pulse sequence including application of an MT pulse after an action that causes a change in a physiological state of a patient. The processing circuitry is configured to generate a first Z-spectrum based on data obtained by executing the first pulse sequence, to generate a second Z-spectrum based on data obtained by executing the second pulse sequence, and to generate data by performing an analysis based on the first Z-spectrum and the second Z-spectrum.

Described here are systems and methods for generating quantitative perfusion parameter maps based on multiple different relaxation parameter maps that are simultaneously produced from images acquired using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) techniques.