An electronic device such as a wristwatch may be provided with a phased antenna array for conveying first signals at a first frequency between 10 GHz and 300 GHz and a non-millimeter wave antenna for conveying second signals at a second frequency below 10 GHz. The device may include conductive housing sidewalls and a display. Conductive structures in the display and the conductive housing sidewalls may define a slot element in the non-millimeter wave antenna. The phased antenna array may be mounted within the slot element, aligned with a spatial filter in the display, or aligned with a dielectric window in the conductive housing sidewalls. Control circuitry may process signals transmitted by the phased antenna array and a reflected version of the transmitted signals that has been received by the phased antenna array to detect a range between the device and an external object.

An apparatus includes a waveguide of an antenna block configured to propagate electromagnetic energy along a propagation direction. The antenna block includes a port located on a bottom surface of the antenna block and an antenna array located on a top surface of the antenna block. The antenna block further includes a set of waveguides in the antenna block configured to couple the antenna array to the port. Additionally, the antenna block includes at least one surface wave radiator, where the surface wave radiator is located on the top surface of the antenna block.

A saddle riding type vehicle including a main body extending along a longitudinal axis and having a front part, a tail part and a central part interposed between the front part and the tail part, at least one front wheel and at least one rear wheel, a motor operatively connected to at least one of the wheels, a system mounted on the main body for reducing a collision risk and comprising at least one active radar reflector, where the collision risk reduction system allows the radar visibility of the vehicle to be increased as a radar target, i.e. increasing its equivalent radar cross section, in order to reduce the risk of the vehicle being involved in a collision with another vehicle equipped with automotive radar which, in an operating condition and during operation, approaches the vehicle.

An improved circuit configuration is disclosed for calibrating and/or verifying the operation of phase shifters in a phased array radar system. In one illustrative embodiment, a method includes: (i) programming a set of phase shifters to convert a radio frequency signal into a set of channel signals; (ii) splitting off a monitor signal from each channel signal while coupling the set of channel signals to a set of antenna feeds; and (iii) while taking the monitor signals in pairs associated with adjacent channels, measuring a relative phase between each pair of monitor signals.

Methods and apparatus for providing a generic beamforming system. A first processing layer can process digitized array data to form subarrays and output subarray data for the formed subarrays. A second processing layer can process the subarray data to form beams and output beamforming data for a plurality of modules. A third processing layer can process the beamforming data to process the beamforming data and generate formed beams for the array.

A phased-array Doppler radar includes a two-way splitter, a transmit antenna, a receive antenna array, an ILO, a demodulation unit and a digital signal processing unit. A reference signal is split by the two-way splitter to the transmit antenna for transmission to targets and the ILO for injection locking. Signals reflected by the targets are received by the receive antenna array as received signals. An injection-locked signal generated by the ILO and the received signals received by the receive antenna array are delivered to the demodulation unit. The received signals are demodulated into baseband I/Q signals by the demodulation unit that uses the injection-locked signal as a local oscillator signal. The baseband I/Q signals are processed by the digital signal processing unit to obtain a digital beamforming pattern.

A vehicle, radar system of the vehicle and method of determining an elevation of an object. The radar system includes a transmitter that transmits a reference signal and a receiver that to receive at least one echo signal related to reflection of the reference signal from an object. The receiver includes an antenna array having a plurality of horizontally-spaced antenna elements. A processor determines a first uncertainty curve associated with an azimuth measurement related to the at least one echo signal, determines a second uncertainty curve associated with a Doppler measurement and a velocity measurement related to the at least one echo signal, and locates an intersection of the first uncertainty curve and the second uncertainty curve to determine the elevation of the object.

An electronic apparatus includes a transmission unit, a reception unit, and a controller. The transmission unit transmits a transmission wave. The reception unit receives a reflected wave of the transmission wave reflected by an object. The controller operates the transmission unit in one of a plurality of operation modes having different detection distances. When the reflected wave is received by the reception unit, the controller determines a distance between the electronic apparatus and the object, based on the transmission wave and the reflected wave. The controller operates the transmission unit in an operation mode having the detection distance that includes the distance to the object and is the shortest, from among the plurality of operation modes.

Illustrative methods and circuits to verify operation of phase shifters. One illustrative method includes: obtaining a first set of in-phase and quadrature components (I.sub.1,Q.sub.1) of a phase shifter output signal with a first setting; measuring a second set of components (I.sub.2,Q.sub.2) with a second setting, the second setting being offset from the first by a predetermined phase difference; and combining the first and second sets to determine whether their relationship corresponds to the predetermined phase difference. An illustrative transmitter includes: a phase shifter, an I/Q mixer, and a processing circuit. The phase shifter converts a transmit signal into an output signal having a programmable phase shift. The I/Q mixer mixes the output signal with a reference signal to obtain in-phase and quadrature components of the output signal. The processing circuit is coupled to the I/Q mixer implement the disclosed method.

Examples disclosed herein relate to an analog beamforming antenna for millimeter wavelength applications. The analog beamforming antenna includes a superelement antenna array layer comprising an array of superelements, in which each superelement includes a coupling aperture oriented at a predetermined non-orthogonal angle relative to a plurality of radiating slots for radiating a transmission signal. The analog beamforming antenna also includes a power division layer configured to serve as a feed to the superelement antenna array layer, in which the power division layer comprising a plurality of phase control elements configured to apply different phase shifts to transmission signals propagating to the superelement antenna array layer. The analog beamforming antenna also includes a top layer disposed on the superelement antenna array layer. The top layer may include a superstrate or a metamaterial antenna array. Other examples disclosed herein include a radar system for use in an autonomous driving vehicle.