A series of scans is generated for a subsurface and a derivative image is created using the series of subsurface images. One or more tests are performed on the derivative image, and a subsurface object is detected based on the one or more tests. A sensor is configured to generate a series of scans for a subsurface and a processor is coupled to the sensor. The processor is configured to execute stored program instructions that cause the processor to generate a series of images of the subsurface using the series of scans, create a derivative image using the series of subsurface images, perform one or more tests on the derivative image, and detect a subsurface object based on the one or more tests.

A design method of a trust region satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system is provided, relating to the field of radar measurement. Firstly, error sources of the interference SAR system are classified and analyzed, phase errors caused by image decoherence are calculated according to wave positions, and an analytical expression of baseline-related errors is reserved; a maximum phase error caused by imaging processing and an electronic device are estimated; and a baseline error is estimated. Then, the phase errors and the baseline errors are converted into elevation errors through an elevation fuzzy number, thereby obtaining an analytical expression of the elevation errors and the baseline parameters (length and dip angle). With a relative height measurement accuracy index of the system as an optimization object, a feasible solution interval between the baseline length and the baseline dip angle of the system is solved through a trust region algorithm. A minimum value of the baseline length is corrected according to a flying-around safety distance of a dual-satellite formation. According to the method of the present disclosure, the design of the satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system can be guided, so that the satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system is ensured to carry out terrain elevation surveying and mapping tasks with high accuracy and high reliability.

A design method of a trust region satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system is provided, relating to the field of radar measurement. Firstly, error sources of the interference SAR system are classified and analyzed, phase errors caused by image decoherence are calculated according to wave positions, and an analytical expression of baseline-related errors is reserved; a maximum phase error caused by imaging processing and an electronic device are estimated; and a baseline error is estimated. Then, the phase errors and the baseline errors are converted into elevation errors through an elevation fuzzy number, thereby obtaining an analytical expression of the elevation errors and the baseline parameters (length and dip angle). With a relative height measurement accuracy index of the system as an optimization object, a feasible solution interval between the baseline length and the baseline dip angle of the system is solved through a trust region algorithm. A minimum value of the baseline length is corrected according to a flying-around safety distance of a dual-satellite formation. According to the method of the present disclosure, the design of the satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system can be guided, so that the satellite-borne dual-base interference SAR system is ensured to carry out terrain elevation surveying and mapping tasks with high accuracy and high reliability.

An imaging device includes: a plurality of transmitters that each transmit a wave to a measurement area; a plurality of receivers that each receive a scattered wave of the wave from the measurement area; and an information processing circuit that images an object in the measurement area using measurement data of the scattered wave. The information processing circuit: derives a scattering field function using the measurement data and a velocity vector of the object; derives an imaging function that is defined using an amount output from the scattering field function in response to inputting an imaging target position into the scattering field function; and images the object in the measurement area using the imaging function. The information processing circuit derives the scattering field function from the measurement data using a coordinate system in which the position of the object is fixed.

The present invention discloses an InSAR-based measurement method and system for angle of critical deformation in a coal mining area, and relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control of mountainous coal mines, comprising: acquiring a mining surface deformation field image using a small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar; and drawing profile lines along the strike direction and dip direction of the coal seam respectively in the mining surface deformation field image. The method provided by the present invention has the advantages of improving time resolution and reducing phase noise.

A surface deformation monitoring method and systems based on time-series InSAR (TS-InSAR) are provided. The method includes acquiring Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data; performing differential interferometry; performing a robust two-tier multi-temporal InSAR method for detection of Persistent Scatterer (PS) and Distributed Scatterer (DS) candidates to acquire time series data for surface deformation monitoring; performing a variational mode decomposition (VMD) method to decompose TS-InSAR data into a plurality of components; reconstructing time series data; performing a gated recurrent unit (GRU) method; extracting trend of surface deformation; and performing continuous large-scale deformation monitoring. The InSAR-based deformation monitoring method integrates VMD and GRU, offering significant improvements in robustness and accuracy over the existing methods.