A radiation imaging apparatus comprising: a scintillator; a plurality of pixels configured to respectively detect light converted by the scintillator from radiation; and a corrector configured to perform a correction process on signal data based on signals output from the plurality of pixels is provided. The corrector is configured to perform a first correction process for acquiring a gain map for gain correction without placing an object, and a second correction process including gain correction using the gain map. Correction processes performed on dotted noise that occur at random both temporally and spatially are different for the first correction process and the second correction process.

The invention provides a novel arrangement of photon sensors on a scintillation-crystal based gamma-ray detector that takes advantage of total internal reflection of scintillation light within the scintillation detector substrate. The present invention provides improved spatial resolution including depth-of-interaction (DOI) resolution while preserving energy resolution and detection efficiency, which is especially useful in small-animal or human positron emission tomography (PET) or other techniques that depend on high-energy gamma-ray detection. Moreover, the new geometry helps reduce the total number of readout channels required and eliminates the need to do complicated and repetitive cutting and polishing operations to form pixelated crystal arrays as is the standard in current PET detector modules.

A radiation backscatter detector assembly comprising: a source array comprising source components for irradiating a shared sample location, at least two source components of the array generating radiation in different respective source energy bands; a detector array comprising detector elements for detecting backscattered radiation detection events from different respective spatial portions of the shared sample location, the detector elements each generating a pulse output in response to each radiation detection event it detects; and
an energy meter for measuring the energies of the pulse outputs by different respective detector elements.

This disclosure relates to a radiation sensor element comprising a semiconductor substrate, having a bulk refractive index; a front surface; a back surface, extending substantially along a base plane; and a plurality of pixel portions. Each pixel portion comprises a collection region on the back surface and a textured region on the front surface. The textured regions comprise high aspect ratio nanostructures, extending substantially along a thickness direction perpendicular to the base plane and forming an optical conversion layer, having an effective refractive index gradually changing towards the bulk refractive index to reduce reflection of light incident on said pixel portion from the front side of the semiconductor substrate.

Silicon-based photomultipliers (SiPMs) for reducing optical crosstalk effects in the SiPMs are provided. The SiPMs include macrocells. Each macrocell includes microcells, coupled in parallel, and a reading circuit coupled to an output of each macrocell. The microcells are arranged in the SiPM so that adjacent microcells belong to different macrocells. When a microcell performs a detection, the reading circuit of each macrocell having one or more microcells adjacent to the microcell that performed the detection is configured to disable its output signal during a predefined period of time. PET devices or systems and methods for reducing crosstalk effects are also provided.

Disclosed herein are variations of megavoltage (MV) detectors that may be used for acquiring high resolution dynamic images and dose measurements in patients. One variation of a MV detector comprises a scintillating optical fiber plate, a photodiode array configured to receive light data from the optical fibers, and readout electronics. In some variations, the scintillating optical fiber plate comprises one or more fibers that are focused to the radiation source. The diameters of the fibers may be smaller than the pixels of the photodiode array. In some variations, the fiber diameter is on the order of about 2 to about 100 times smaller than the width of a photodiode array pixel, e.g., about 20 times smaller. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing a focused scintillating fiber optic plate.

A radiation imaging apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a substrate in which conversion elements are arranged and which transmits light beams, a first scintillator arranged on a first surface side of the substrate, and a second scintillator arranged on a second surface side opposite to the first surface. The conversion elements include first conversion elements and second conversion elements. The first conversion elements are arranged so as to receive light beams from the first scintillator and the second scintillator. A light-shielding layer is arranged between the first scintillator and each of the second conversion elements so as to set light amounts of the second conversion elements from the first scintillator smaller than those of the first conversion elements from the first scintillator, and the second conversion elements are arranged to receive a light beam from the second scintillator.

A detector for detecting X-rays passing through an object being scanned, the detector comprising: a converter configured to convert X-rays into electrons; a scintillator configured to detect electrons from the converter and produce light in proportion to the electrons detected; and a photodetector configured to convert the light produced by the scintillator into electrical current.

A high-resolution imaging apparatus that includes a multi-purpose high-energy particle sensor array to initially stop high-energy particles and then transfer the down-converted photons into near zero energy photoelectrons is described, as well as the method to produce the same. The imaging apparatus is a segmented scintillator structure optically coupled to a closely placed photocathode structure for high-efficiency conversion of high-energy particles with an arbitrary spatial distribution to the corresponding distribution of photoelectrons, emitted with a very low spread in energy and momentum.

An apparatus includes a detection unit including a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged pixels with a plurality of lines located between adjacent pixels, configured to detect an incident radiation and output signals related to a radiation image, a calculation unit configured to calculate a crosstalk ratio related to crosstalk occurring between the adjacent pixels with the plurality of lines therebetween in the detection unit, and a correction unit configured to make a correction to pixel data on a pixel affected by the crosstalk among a plurality of pieces of pixel data constituting the radiation image based on the crosstalk ratio.