A muographic observation instrument is constructed with a ground unit in which six gaseous detectors are attached to six detector sockets arranged to be parallel to a flat surface with a certain distance between them, and a pair out of ten radiation shields is placed between each detector socket mounted the shield sockets. Since the gaseous detectors have smaller spatial resolution compared to a usual scintillator detector, the thickness of lead plates used for eliminating the noise caused by electromagnetic shower from the horizontal direction can be made ? smaller, and therefore the weight of the whole device is decreased substantially. Furthermore, since only the gaseous detectors and radiation shields have to be mounted to the sockets of the ground unit, the installation of the device is simple.

A radiation detector is provided. In a further aspect, a detector employs a Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (OPPAC) which includes an anode film, a parallel cathode film and multiple optical photo-detectors, such as photo-sensors and/or photo-multipliers. A method of using a radiation detector is also provided.

A radiation image forming apparatus includes a detection unit including a plurality of Compton cameras. Each of the plurality of Compton cameras including a radiation detection device that includes a plurality of pixels, each configured to detect an electron generated by the track of a recoil electron generated by Compton scattering, and is configured to output a detection signal configured to specify the position of a pixel that has detected the electron and a time when the pixel has detected the electron, and a detection module configured to detect the incident position of scattered rays generated by the Compton scattering. The plurality of the Compton cameras arranged annularly to surround a region in which a specimen is placed.

A device for determining the density of volumes of material to be imaged is provided, the device comprising a gas detector having first and second chambers separated by a micro-screen, making it possible to detect a stream of ionising particles, to calculate the path of each ionising particle and the stream of ionising particles passing through the first chamber, and comprising computing means for converting the calculations of paths and streams into information on the volume density of the material to be imaged.

A hadron radiation installation adapted to subject a target to irradiation by a hadron radiation beam includes a target support configured to support, preferably immobilize, a target; a hadron radiation apparatus adapted to emit a hadron radiation beam along a beam axis to irradiate the target supported by the target support, the radiation beam penetrating into the target. The radiation apparatus has a control system at least comprising a beam penetration depth control allowing at least to control and vary the penetration depth of the radiation beam into the target. The installation has a radiation beam range sensor device adapted to determine the penetration depth of said radiation beam into the target, where the range sensor device includes a gamma camera responsive to prompt gamma rays that are emitted while the hadron radiation beam penetrates into the target.

A detector assembly includes a hollow body in which a printed circuit board, a resistive plate, a drilled board, a drift volume, and a cathode are disposed. A surface of the printed circuit board exposed to the resistive plate includes printed circuit lines for measuring first and second coordinates of a charge event. The hollow body can include a sealable opening to remove contaminants outgassed from one or more components of the detector assembly and to fill the hollow body with an operational gas. The sealable opening can be fluidly coupled to a gas and vacuum system to reduce the concentration of the outgassed contaminants.

A particle beam detector system can comprise a particle beam generator, a particle beam fluence and position detector array based on Micromegas technology, and data readout electronics coupled to the position detector array. The particle beam fluence and position detector array can comprise a sealed, gas-filled, ionizing radiation detector chamber. A printed circuit board (PCB) can be disposed within the ionizing radiation detector chamber, the PCB comprising a multi-layer array arrangement of interconnected conductive sensor pads comprising three planar coordinate grids, X, Y, and ST (stereo) situated on separate layers of the PCB. The multi-layer array arrangement of interconnected conductive sensor pads can comprise a first footprint. A dielectric lattice structure can be disposed over the PCB and the multi-layer array arrangement of sensors. A conductive mesh structure can comprise a second footprint disposed over the dielectric lattice structure and extending over an entire area of the first footprint.

A sensing device for a radiation therapy apparatus, the apparatus comprising an accelerator and a beam-shaping device the beam shaping device being a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) (2) having a plurality of pairs of leaves, and a rotatable gantry, the sensing device comprising: a transmission electronic detector (1) comprising an array of ionization chambers. The ionization chambers are defined by a bias electrode (11a,11b, 34,42) on the one hand and by a planar array of conductive strips (40) or strip assemblies (30) on the other hand. The strips or strip assemblies are associated to the leaf pairs of the MLC. The strips are the collecting electrodes of the ionization chambers. Each strip assembly or in the case of one particular embodiment, each strip, yields two currents which allow to determine the position of the leaves of a leaf pair associated with the strip or strip assembly, a gantry sensor configured to determine at least one position associated with a gantry angle; and a processor, adapted to determine the position of at least one pair of leaves of the MLC using the currents i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 obtained from the collecting electrode strips.

A resistive type particle detection device includes a cathode, an amplification micro-gate, and an anode composed of a flat insulator including resistive tracks arranged on a face of the flat insulator facing the amplification micro-gate and reading tracks arranged on the opposite face of the flat insulator, the reading tracks being connected to a reading system. In a non-limiting embodiment, the resistive type particle detection device further includes a conductive track positioned between two resistive tracks.

A muographic observation instrument is constructed with a ground unit in which six gaseous detectors are attached to six detector sockets arranged to be parallel to a flat surface with a certain distance between them, and a pair out of ten radiation shields is placed between each detector socket mounted the shield sockets. Since the gaseous detectors have smaller spatial resolution compared to a usual scintillator detector, the thickness of lead plates used for eliminating the noise caused by electromagnetic shower from the horizontal direction can be made ? smaller, and therefore the weight of the whole device is decreased substantially. Furthermore, since only the gaseous detectors and radiation shields have to be mounted to the sockets of the ground unit, the installation of the device is simple.