The presently disclosed seismic acquisition technique employs a receiver array and a processing methodology that are designed to attenuate the naturally occurring seismic background noise recorded along with the seismic data during the acquisition. The approach leverages the knowledge that naturally occurring seismic background noise moves with a slower phase velocity than the seismic signals used for imaging and inversion and, in some embodiments, may arrive from particular preferred directions. The disclosed technique comprises two steps: 1) determining from the naturally occurring seismic background noise in the preliminary seismic data a range of phase velocities and amplitudes that contain primarily noise and the degree to which that noise needs to be attenuated, and 2) designing an acquisition and processing method to attenuate that noise relative to the desired signal.

Method for acquiring seismic data is described. The method includes determining a non-uniform optimal sampling design that includes a compressive sensing sampling grid. Placing a plurality of source lines or receiver lines at a non-uniform optimal line interval. Placing a plurality of receivers or nodes at a non-uniform optimal receiver interval. Towing a plurality of streamers attached to a vessel, wherein the plurality of streamers is spaced apart at non-uniform optimal intervals based on the compressive sensing sampling grid. Firing a plurality of shots from one or more seismic sources at non-uniform optimal shot intervals. Acquiring seismic data via the plurality of receivers or nodes.

The presently disclosed seismic acquisition technique employs a receiver array and a processing methodology that are designed to attenuate the naturally occurring seismic background noise recorded along with the seismic data during the acquisition. The approach leverages the knowledge that naturally occurring seismic background noise moves with a slower phase velocity than the seismic signals used for imaging and inversion and, in some embodiments, may arrive from particular preferred directions. The disclosed technique comprises two steps: 1) determining from the naturally occurring seismic background noise in the preliminary seismic data a range of phase velocities and amplitudes that contain primarily noise and the degree to which that noise needs to be attenuated, and 2) designing an acquisition and processing method to attenuate that noise relative to the desired signal.

The presently disclosed seismic acquisition technique employs a receiver array and a processing methodology that are designed to attenuate the naturally occurring seismic background noise recorded along with the seismic data during the acquisition. The approach leverages the knowledge that naturally occurring seismic background noise moves with a slower phase velocity than the seismic signals used for imaging and inversion and, in some embodiments, may arrive from particular preferred directions. The disclosed technique comprises two steps: 1) determining from the naturally occurring seismic background noise in the preliminary seismic data a range of phase velocities and amplitudes that contain primarily noise and the degree to which that noise needs to be attenuated, and 2) designing an acquisition and processing method to attenuate that noise relative to the desired signal.

A method for processing broadband single-sensor single-source land seismic data includes receiving seismic traces, the seismic traces generated using at least one source and at least one receiver; converting the seismic traces from particle motion measured by the at least one receiver to particle motion represented by the at least one source by applying a deterministic differential filtering operation; applying a deterministic inverse-Q filtering operation on the converted seismic traces; processing the inverse-Q filtered seismic traces using a set of surface-consistent filter and attribute corrections; and generating a seismic image based on the processed seismic traces.

Examples of methods and systems are disclosed. The methods include obtaining seismic data regarding a subsurface region of interest, wherein the seismic data comprises time-space pressure data. The methods also include determining, using a seismic processor, a pressure derivative with respect to depth. The methods further include determining, using the seismic processor, a phase-shifted pressure derivative. The methods still further include determining, using the seismic processor, a transformed phase-shifted pressure derivative. The methods also include determining, using the seismic processor, transformed phase-shifted pressure data based, at least in part, on the transformed phase-shifted pressure derivative. The methods further include determining, using the seismic processor, time-space filtered pressure data. The methods still further include determining, using the seismic processor, a first direction wavefield and a second direction wavefield. The methods also include generating, using the seismic processor, a seismic image based, at least in part, on the first direction wavefield.

Seismic survey data is received, indexed into index sets, and each index set partitioned into data blocks. For each particular data block of a particular index set, the particular data block is sliced into frequency slices. For each particular frequency slice of the particular data block, the particular frequency slice is processed to remove random and erratic noise by: forming a Hankel matrix from the particular frequency slice: determining an optimal rank for the Hankel matrix, determining a clean signal and erratic noise from the ranked Hankel matrix, and returning the clean signal and erratic noise for the particular frequency slice. A clean signal is assembled from the index sets.

An example method for downhole surveying and measuring may include positioning a first conformable sensor proximate to a downhole element. The first conformable sensor may include a flexible material, a transmitter coupled to the flexible material, and a receiver coupled to the flexible material. An ultrasonic sensor may be positioned proximate to the downhole element. The receiver may measure an electrical response of the downhole element to a signal generated by the transmitter. An acoustic response of the downhole element may be measurements at the at the ultrasonic sensor. The electrical response and the acoustic response may be processed to determine a parameter of the downhole element.

Systems and methods of performing a seismic survey are described. The system can receive seismic data in a first domain, and transform the seismic data into a tau-p domain. The system can identify a value on an envelope in the tau-p domain, select several values on the tau-p envelope using a threshold, and then generate a masking function. The system can combine the masking function with the tau-p transformed seismic data, and then perform an inverse tau-p transform on the combined seismic data. The system can adjust amplitudes in the inverse tau-p transformed combined seismic data, and identify one or more coherent events corresponding to subsea lithologic formations or hydrocarbon deposits.

A system and methods are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a seismic dataset including a plurality of recorded multiple events, generating a predicted multiple model using a multiple prediction method and the seismic dataset, and estimating a set of initial matching filters using a matching method, to match the plurality of estimated and recorded multiple events. The method further includes generating a tensor field based on the predicted multiple model, determining a set of structure-oriented matching filters based on the set of initial matching filters and the tensor field, generating a filtered multiple model based on the predicted multiple model and the set of structure-oriented matching filters, and generating a multiple-attenuated seismic dataset based on the filtered multiple model and the seismic dataset, forming a seismic image based, at least in part, on the multiple-attenuated seismic dataset, and determining a location of a hydrocarbon reservoir based on the seismic image.