A method for seismic surveying comprises deploying a plurality of seismic receivers proximate an area of subsurface to be surveyed. At least one seismic energy source moves in a path that circumscribes a center, wherein positions of the plurality of seismic receivers remain fixed. At least one of a distance between the path and the center changes monotonically as seismic energy source traverses the path, or the center moves in a selected direction as the seismic energy source traverses the path. The source is actuated at selected times as the at least one seismic energy source traverses the path, such that a spacing between positions of the source along the source path and transverse to the source path varies between successive actuations of the source. Seismic energy is detected at the plurality of seismic receivers resulting from actuating the at least one seismic energy source.

A method for seismic surveying comprises deploying a plurality of seismic receivers proximate an area of subsurface to be surveyed. At least one seismic energy source moves in a path that circumscribes a center, wherein positions of the plurality of seismic receivers remain fixed. At least one of a distance between the path and the center changes monotonically as seismic energy source traverses the path, or the center moves in a selected direction as the seismic energy source traverses the path. The source is actuated at selected times as the at least one seismic energy source traverses the path, such that a spacing between positions of the source along the source path and transverse to the source path varies between successive actuations of the source. Seismic energy is detected at the plurality of seismic receivers resulting from actuating the at least one seismic energy source.

Marine survey source route configuration can include towing, via a first marine survey vessel, streamers at a first average speed and at an average velocity along a first survey route. A second marine survey vessel can tow a source at a second average speed that is greater than the first average speed along a second survey route that periodically passes over the first survey route and at the average velocity in a direction of the first survey route.

Determination of an impulse response at a subsurface image level can include extrapolation of an up-going pressure wavefield to a subsurface image level, extrapolation of a down-going velocity wavefield to the subsurface image level, and determination of the impulse response at the subsurface image level from a hypothetical seismic source by spectral division of the extrapolated up-going pressure wavefield by the extrapolated down-going velocity wavefield.

A method for automatically propagating a voltage along a marine seismic streamer, the method including detecting, at an ith concentrator of the streamer, a first voltage applied at a first high-voltage rail HV1; detecting, at the ith concentrator of the streamer, a second voltage applied at a second high-voltage rail HV2, the first and second high-voltage rails extend over the entire streamer; checking a predetermined condition at a first local controller of the ith concentrator; and closing a first switch SW1, which propagates the first high-voltage rail HV1, when the predetermined condition is satisfied.

Apparatus and techniques are disclosed relating to a two-axis sensing element. In various embodiments, a two-axis sensing element includes a mounting plate that includes a first pair of mounting slots oriented in a first direction and a second pair of mounting slots oriented in a second, different direction. Further, in various embodiments, the two-axis sensing element may include a first pair of bender elements and a second pair of bender elements. The first pair of bender elements may be mounted through the first pair of mounting slots such that the first pair of bender elements is oriented in the first direction and the second pair of bender elements may be mounted through the second pair of mounting slots such that the second pair of bender elements is oriented in the second, different direction. In various embodiments, the mounting plate may transect each of the bender elements into two cantilever portions.

A sensor streamer stretch section. At least some of the example embodiments are methods including measuring at least one parameter related to noise while towing the sensor streamer through a body of water with a towing vessel, and adjusting at least one of a spring constant and a damping coefficient of a stretch section disposed proximate the sensor streamer such that the measured parameter is minimized.

Presented are methods and systems for regularizing content of multi-component seismic data. The method includes a step of receiving the seismic data, wherein the seismic data includes pressure and particle motion measurements and a step of regularizing and frequency optimizing the seismic data to desired positions based on Fresnel zones selected at various depths in a subsurface to obtain a regularized seismic dataset.

A seismic detection line includes one or more identified element(s) arranged in a string, and a telemetry link connecting the element(s) along the string to convey seismic data from at least one of the element(s) to a data recorder and identification data to a topology controller. Each of the element(s) includes a respective first identification unit connected to the telemetry link to provide a respective first identifier to the topology controller. A seismic detection system also includes a processor that queries the identified element(s) for their respective identifiers, determines an arrangement of the seismic detection line using the received identifiers, and presents an indication of the determined arrangement. A method of operating a seismic detection line includes transmitting a query along the telemetry link, detecting whether the respective identifier of one of the element(s) was received or not, repeating until termination, and determining and indicating the arrangement.

Estimating an earth response can include deconvolving a multi-dimensional source wavefield from near-continuously recorded seismic data recorded at a receiver position. The deconvolving can include spreading the near-continuously recorded seismic data across a plurality of possible source emission angles. The result of the deconvolution can be the earth response estimate.