The disclosed embodiments generally relate to extruding multiple layers of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape. In particular, the aspects of the disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for producing a Bragg reflector comprising co-extrusion of micro- to nano-polymer layers in a tubular shape.

An optical fiber having a Bragg grating along a non-photosensitized grating region thereof and a pristine polymer coating around the grating region with the Bragg grating having been written through the polymer coating has a mechanical resistance that is greater than 20% of the mechanical resistance of an identical grating-free optical fiber.

An optoelectronic device includes a photonic component. The photonic component includes an active side, a second side different from the active side, and an optical channel extending from the active side to the second side of the photonic component. The optical channel includes a non-gaseous material configured to transmit light.

A method for setting a heating condition for thermal aging of each of fiber Bragg gratings, includes: determining, based on a correspondence (Ed) between a temperature coefficient of each of the fiber Bragg gratings and a demarcation energy Ed of each of the fiber Bragg gratings, a first lower limit Ed.sub.min of the demarcation energy Ed such that the temperature coefficient is not more than a desired upper limit .sub.max; and setting the heating condition for thermal aging of each of the fiber Bragg gratings such that the demarcation energy Ed is not less than the first lower limit Ed.sub.min.

A fiber-based sensor and a method of forming a fiber-based sensor using microsphere lithography techniques in which a microsphere array is applied to a surface of a tip of an optical fiber to provide for microsphere lithography fabrication of a desired pattern on the tip of the optical fiber. The characteristics of the pattern define sensing capabilities of the sensor to provide for chemical and/or biological sensing.

A monitoring system monitors changes in an index of refraction of the grating over a time interval that includes the period of time. The monitoring system includes a light source assembly, a probing assembly, a power meter (e.g., a diffraction and/or a transmittance power meter), and a controller. The light source assembly emits a probe beam. The scanning assembly scans the probe beam over an area of the grating. The power meter measures power of a portion of the probe beam that interacts (e.g., is transmitted by or diffracted from) with the area of the grating. The controller determines changes in grating parameters (may be as a function of time) for the grating being formed based in part on measured power readings over the time interval.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

Disclosed herein is an optical fiber having an optically uniform coating having no physical defects in the coating greater than 100 micrometers in size over a length of 50 meters or greater.

Method of laser modifying an optical fibre to form a modified region at a target location within the fibre, comprising positioning at least a portion of an optical fibre in a laser system for modification by a laser, applying a correction to an active optical element of the laser system to modify wavefront properties of the laser to counteract an effect of aberration on laser focus, and laser modifying the optical fibre at the target location using the laser with the corrected wavefront properties to produce the modified region.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.