An apparatus comprising an optical filter located on a substrate. The optical filter including an optical splitter configured to receive an input light and an interferometer having two waveguide arms having different optical path-lengths from each other. The waveguide arms configured to receive the input light from the optical splitter. At least a portion of one of the two waveguide arms has a narrower core width than a wider core width of the other waveguide arm. The waveguide arm with the longest waveguide portion having the narrower core width has the longest total physical path-length of the two waveguide arms. At least one of the two waveguide arms having a set of discrete waveguide portions, the discrete waveguide portions of the set being connected by optical switches which are configured to tunably select from a plurality of different physical path-lengths through the discrete waveguide portions of the at least one waveguide arm.

Disclosed are an optical phased array chip and a method of manufacturing the same. The optical phased array chip includes a plurality of optical switches and a plurality of optical phased arrays implemented on a single integrated circuit, wherein the single integrated circuit includes a silicon substrate, a lower layer formed on an upper portion of the silicon substrate, a silicon layer formed on an upper portion of the lower layer, a first upper layer, a second upper layer and a third upper layer sequentially arranged on the silicon layer, and an electrode that penetrates through the first upper layer while being grounded to the silicon layer and is formed on an upper portion of the first upper layer.

Data center interconnections, which encompass WSCs as well as traditional data centers, have become both a bottleneck and a cost/power issue for cloud computing providers, cloud service providers and the users of the cloud generally. Fiber optic technologies already play critical roles in data center operations and will increasingly in the future. The goal is to move data as fast as possible with the lowest latency with the lowest cost and the smallest space consumption on the server blade and throughout the network. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for new fiber optic interconnection architectures to address the traditional hierarchal time-division multiplexed (TDM) routing and interconnection and provide reduced latency, increased flexibility, lower cost, lower power consumption, and provide interconnections exploiting scalable optical modular optically switched interconnection network as well as temporospatial switching fabrics allowing switching speeds below the slowest switching element within the switching fabric.

A device, includes: a ring waveguide; a diode comprising a junction extending at least partly in the ring waveguide; and a first circuit configured to supply a signal representative of a leakage current in the diode.

A device (e.g., a photonic multiplexer) is provided that includes a plurality of first switches. Each first switch in the plurality of first switches includes a plurality of first channels. Each first switch is configured to shift photons in the plurality of first channels by zero or more channels, based on first configuration information provided to the first switch. The device further includes a plurality of second switches. Each second switch includes a plurality of second channels. Each second channel is coupled with a respective first channel from a distinct first switch of the plurality of first switches. Each second switch is configured to shift photons in the plurality of second channels by zero or more channels, based on second configuration information provided to the second switch.

A large-scale single-photonics-based optical switching system that occupies an area larger than the maximum area of a standard step-and-repeat lithography reticle is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of identical switch blocks, each of is formed in a different reticle field that no larger than the maximum reticle size. Bus waveguides of laterally adjacent switch blocks are stitched together at lateral interfaces that include a second arrangement of waveguide ports that is common to all lateral interfaces. Bus waveguides of vertically adjacent switch blocks are stitched together at vertical interfaces that include a first arrangement of waveguide ports that is common to all vertical interfaces. In some embodiments, the lateral and vertical interfaces include waveguide ports having waveguide coupling regions that are configured to mitigate optical loss due to stitching error.

An optical switch includes a bus waveguide supported by a substrate, an actuation electrode supported by the substrate, the actuation electrode having fins that protrude in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and to the bus waveguide, and a reaction electrode having interdigitated fins configured to form a comb drive with the actuation electrode. When a voltage difference between the reaction electrode and the actuation electrode is less than a lower threshold, the reaction electrode is positioned a first distance from the bus waveguide, when the voltage difference between the reaction electrode and the actuation electrode is greater than an upper threshold, the reaction electrode is positioned a second distance from the bus waveguide, and the second distance is less than the first distance.

A multirail-encoded qubit can be implemented using a quantum system having a state space that includes a number M of distinct modes, where M is an integer greater than 2. The M modes are logically partitioned into two disjoint subsets (or “bands”), with each mode assigned to exactly one of the bands. The multirail encoding is defined such that a state in which any one of the modes in the first band is occupied and all modes in the second band are unoccupied maps to a logical 0 state of the qubit, and a state in which any one of the modes in the second band is occupied and all modes of the first band are unoccupied maps to a logical 1 state. Systems and methods for generating, measuring, and operating on multirail-encoded qubits are disclosed.

An optical switch includes a first bus waveguide supported by a substrate, an optical antenna suspended over the first bus waveguide via a spring, and interdigitated electrodes coupling the substrate with optical antenna and configured to control a position of the optical antenna relative to the first bus waveguide. When a voltage difference applied to the interdigitated electrodes is less than a lower threshold, the optical antenna is at a first position offset from the first bus waveguide, when the voltage difference applied to the interdigitated electrodes is greater than an upper threshold, the optical antenna is at a second position offset from the first bus waveguide, and the offset at the second position is greater than at the first position.

An optical switch is configured by providing a planar lightwave circuit layer on a top surface of a Si substrate. The circuit layer forms, on the top surface of the substrate, an optical waveguide including an underclad layer, an optical waveguide core, and an overclad layer. The optical waveguide is provided to have a structure configuring a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A heater is provided at a position just above an arm of the core on the top surface of the clad layer, and power supply electric wires are electrically connected to both ends of the heater. In a local portion including an interface between the clad layer and the top surface of the substrate, trench structure portions as concave grooves are provided.