A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a trench in the substrate, the trench having an inclined sidewall, a reflective layer over the inclined sidewall, a grating structure over the substrate, and a waveguide in the trench. The waveguide is configured to guide optical signals between the grating structure and the reflective layer.

A multi-mode interferometric optical waveguide device includes: a multi-mode interferometric optical waveguide which includes a first reflective surface; a first single-mode waveguide connected to the multi-mode interferometric optical waveguide; and a second single-mode waveguide connected to the multi-mode interferometric optical waveguide and oppose the first reflective surface. Consequently, the multi-mode interferometric optical waveguide device can propagate light from the first single-mode waveguide to the second single-mode waveguide, with further reduced optical losses.

A light emission apparatus includes a laser diode configured to emit a light; a laser driver electrically coupled to the laser diode, the laser driver being configured to drive the laser diode to generate the light; and an optical module arranged to receive the light emitted by the laser diode, the optical module comprising at least one optical element and being configured to adjust the light and emits a transmitting light; wherein the transmitting light emits from the optical module with an illumination angle and the optical module adjusts the light to vary the illumination angle.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a first optical layer; a high k layer, and a second optical layer. The first optical layer is disposed on the substrate. The first optical layer comprises a top surface, a first sidewall, and a second side-wall opposite thereto. The high k layer is disposed on the top surface of the first optical layer. The second optical layer is disposed on the high k layer. The second optical layer includes a top surface, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall opposite thereto. The first sidewall of the first optical layer is misaligned with the third sidewall of the second optical layer. The second sidewall of the first optical layer is coplanar with the fourth sidewall of the second optical layer.

In an optical waveguide element, an optical waveguide is formed on a substrate, the optical waveguide has a main waveguide that propagates signal light, a waveguide for unnecessary light that guides unnecessary light released from the main waveguide, and a waveguide for collecting unnecessary light to which the unnecessary light emitted from the waveguide for unnecessary light is introduced, the waveguide for unnecessary light is connected to the waveguide for collecting unnecessary light via a waveguide for connection, and a width of the waveguide for connection, which is a width in a direction that perpendicularly intersects a propagation direction of the unnecessary light, at a portion connected to the waveguide for collecting unnecessary light is set to be wider than a width at a portion connected to the waveguide for unnecessary light with the waveguide for connection.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a first optical layer; a high k layer, and a second optical layer. The first optical layer is disposed on the substrate. The first optical layer comprises a top surface, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall opposite thereto. The high k layer is disposed on the top surface of the first optical layer. The second optical layer is disposed on the high k layer. The second optical layer includes a top surface, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall opposite thereto. The first sidewall of the first optical layer is misaligned with the third sidewall of the second optical layer. The second sidewall of the first optical layer is coplanar with the fourth sidewall of the second optical layer.

Example embodiments relate to multilayer integrated photonic structures. An example multilayer integrated photonic structure includes a propagation region formed in a first photonic layer. The propagation region includes a plurality of waveguides and a slab region in which the plurality of waveguides terminates. The multilayer integrated photonic structure also includes an outcoupling structure formed in a second photonic layer on top of the first photonic layer. The outcoupling structure is configured to couple light into and out of the multilayer integrated photonic structure. Additionally, the multilayer integrated photonic structure includes a reflector configured to optically couple the slab region of the first photonic layer and the second photonic layer. The reflector includes a first reflector element included in the slab region of the first photonic layer and a second reflector element included in the second photonic layer. The first and second reflector element are in optical communication with each other.

A power balancing device includes first, second, and third power splitting devices on a semiconductor substrate. The first power splitting device includes an input, a first output, and a second output. A ratio of the power outputs at the first and second outputs is a first ratio. The second power splitting device includes third and fourth outputs and an input coupled to the first output. A ratio of the power outputs at the third and fourth outputs is a second ratio. The third power splitting device includes a fifth and sixth output and an input coupled to the second output. A ratio of the power outputs at the fifth and sixth outputs is a third ratio. The first, second, and third ratios are substantially similar. The input of the first power splitting device and the third and sixth outputs make the input and outputs respectively of the power balancing device.

An optical waveguide package includes a substrate having a first surface, and an optical waveguide layer including a cladding located on the first surface and a core located in the cladding. The substrate includes a first portion and a second portion being in contact with the cladding. The second portion bonds to the cladding with a higher bonding strength than the first portion.

A bricked sub-wavelength periodic waveguide and a modal adapter, power divider and polarization splitter that use the waveguide. The waveguide includes blocks disposed periodically with a period L.sub.z on a substrate and which alternate with a covering material. The first blocks have a width a.sub.x and the second blocks have a width b.sub.x, alternating on the substrate according to a period L.sub.x the second blocks being shifted a distance d.sub.z the first blocks in the direction of propagation. A modal adapter, a power divider and a polarization splitter all use the periodic waveguide and can operate with larger wave periods without leaving the sub-wavelength regime.