Methods for singulating an optical waveguide material at a contour include directing a first laser beam onto a first side of the optical waveguide material to generate a first group of perforations in the optical waveguide material. A second laser beam is directed onto a second side of the optical waveguide material to generate a second group of perforations in the optical waveguide material. The second side is opposite the first side. The first group of perforations and the second group of perforations define a perforation zone at the contour. A third laser beam is directed at the perforation zone to singulate the optical waveguide material at the perforation zone.

A device includes an optic in an at least partially rigid scaffold. The scaffold is permeated, at least temporarily during a writing process, by writable media. The optic may be written into a writable volume in the scaffold defined by the writable media. The optic may be written by exposing the writable media to incident light to cause a material property change in the writable media within the writable volume.

In an example method of forming a waveguide film, a photocurable material is dispensed into a space between a first mold portion and a second mold portion opposite the first mold portion. Further, a relative separation between a surface of the first mold portion with respect to a surface of the second mold portion opposing the surface of the first mold portion is adjusted. The photocurable material in the space is irradiated with radiation suitable for photocuring the photocurable material to form a cured waveguide film. Concurrent to irradiating the photocurable material, the relative separation between the surface of the first mold portion and the surface of the second mold portion is varied and/or an intensity of the radiation irradiating the photocurable material is varied.

Methods for singulating an optical waveguide material at a contour include directing a first laser beam onto a first side of the optical waveguide material to generate a first group of perforations in the optical waveguide material. A second laser beam is directed onto a second side of the optical waveguide material to generate a second group of perforations in the optical waveguide material. The second side is opposite the first side. The first group of perforations and the second group of perforations define a perforation zone at the contour. A third laser beam is directed at the perforation zone to singulate the optical waveguide material at the perforation zone.

In an example method of forming a waveguide film, a photocurable material is dispensed into a space between a first mold portion and a second mold portion opposite the first mold portion. Further, a relative separation between a surface of the first mold portion with respect to a surface of the second mold portion opposing the surface of the first mold portion is adjusted. The photocurable material in the space is irradiated with radiation suitable for photocuring the photocurable material to form a cured waveguide film. Concurrent to irradiating the photocurable material, the relative separation between the surface of the first mold portion and the surface of the second mold portion is varied and/or an intensity of the radiation irradiating the photocurable material is varied.

An example of a printed structure comprises a target substrate and a structure protruding from a surface of the target substrate. A component comprising a component substrate separate and independent from the target substrate is disposed in alignment with the structure on the surface of the target substrate within 1 micron of the structure. An example method of making a printed structure comprises providing the target substrate with the structure protruding from the target substrate, a transfer element, and a component adhered to the transfer element. The component comprises a component substrate separate and independent from the target substrate. The transfer element and adhered component move vertically toward the surface of the target substrate and horizontally towards the structure until the component physically contacts the structure or is adhered to the surface of the target substrate. The transfer element is separated from the component.

Mastering systems and methods of fabricating waveguides and waveguide devices using such mastering systems are described. Mastering systems for fabricating holographic waveguides can include using a master to control the application of energy (e.g. a laser, light, or magnetic beam) onto a liquid crystal substrate to fabricate a holographic waveguide into the liquid crystal substrate. Mastering systems for fabricating holographic waveguides in accordance with embodiments of the invention can include a variety of features. These features include, but are not limited to: chirp for single input beam copy (near i.e. hybrid contact copy), dual chirped gratings (for input and output), zero order grating for transmittance control, alignment reference gratings, 3:1 construction, position adjustment tooling to enable rapid alignment, optimization of lens and window thickness for multiple RKVs simultaneously, and avoidance of other orders and crossover of the diffraction beam.

An example of a printed structure comprises a target substrate and a structure protruding from a surface of the target substrate. A component comprising a component substrate separate and independent from the target substrate is disposed in alignment with the structure on the surface of the target substrate within 1 micron of the structure. An example method of making a printed structure comprises providing the target substrate with the structure protruding from the target substrate, a transfer element, and a component adhered to the transfer element. The component comprises a component substrate separate and independent from the target substrate. The transfer element and adhered component move vertically toward the surface of the target substrate and horizontally towards the structure until the component physically contacts the structure or is adhered to the surface of the target substrate. The transfer element is separated from the component.

A method for measuring and dynamically modulating characteristics of slow light in a photonic-crystal coupled-cavity waveguide is set forth. A photonic-crystal structure consists of a series of microcavity components formed by arranging silicon dielectric rods in triangular lattice structure in the substrate of organic polymer polystyrene with an electro-optical effect, a light waveguide structure being along the X direction, and regularly removing single silicon dielectric rods. The present disclosure has the beneficial effects that extremely high slow light effect and high-performance all-optical buffer are realized.

The present disclosure provides a photocurable coating composition, including: (a) a (meth)acrylate monomer or oligomer with at least four functional groups; (b) a difunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, (c) a monofunctional (meth)acrylate monomer, and (d) an initiator. The difunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is present in an amount of 30 to 70 wt % based on the total weight of the photocurable coating composition. The present disclosure also provides an optical film having a microstructure layer made from the photocurable coating composition. The optical film can be as a light guide film in a back light module of a display.