The present disclosure provides for two-dimensional mode matching by receiving an optical signal traveling in a first direction; and scattering the optical signal according lto a scattering strength that progressively changes in the first direction. In various embodiments, the scattering strength progressively changes by increasing or decreasing in the first direction. A plurality of scatterers disposed in a path of the optical signal change in widths that progressively increase or decrease along the first direction. In various embodiments, a second optical signal is received in the grating coupler from a second direction; and is scattered into a surface of a photonic chip via a grating coupler. In some embodiments, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

An electro-optical chip includes a plurality of transmit macros, each of which includes an optical waveguide and a plurality of ring resonators positioned along the optical waveguide. An optical distribution network is implemented onboard the electro-optical chip. The optical distribution network has a plurality of optical inputs and a plurality of optical outputs. The optical distribution network conveys a portion of light received at each and every one of the plurality of optical inputs to each of the plurality of optical outputs, such that light conveyed to each of the plurality of optical outputs includes all wavelengths of light conveyed to the plurality of optical inputs. Each of the plurality of optical outputs is optically connected to the optical waveguide in a corresponding one of the plurality of transmit macros. The electro-optical chip is optically connected to a remote optical power supply.

An electro-optical chip includes a plurality of transmit macros, each of which includes an optical waveguide and a plurality of ring resonators positioned along the optical waveguide. An optical distribution network is implemented onboard the electro-optical chip. The optical distribution network has a plurality of optical inputs and a plurality of optical outputs. The optical distribution network conveys a portion of light received at each and every one of the plurality of optical inputs to each of the plurality of optical outputs, such that light conveyed to each of the plurality of optical outputs includes all wavelengths of light conveyed to the plurality of optical inputs. Each of the plurality of optical outputs is optically connected to the optical waveguide in a corresponding one of the plurality of transmit macros. The electro-optical chip is optically connected to a remote optical power supply.

A semiconductor device includes a photonic die and an optical die. The photonic die includes a grating coupler and an optical device. The optical device is connected to the grating coupler to receive radiation of predetermined wavelength incident on the grating coupler. The optical die is disposed over the photonic die and includes a substrate with optical nanostructures. Positions and shapes of the optical nanostructures are such to perform an optical transformation on the incident radiation of predetermined wavelength when the incident radiation passes through an area of the substrate where the optical nanostructures are located. The optical nanostructures overlie the grating coupler so that the incident radiation of predetermined wavelength crosses the optical die where the optical nanostructures are located before reaching the grating coupler.

A semiconductor device includes a photonic die and an optical die. The photonic die includes a grating coupler and an optical device. The optical device is connected to the grating coupler to receive radiation of predetermined wavelength incident on the grating coupler. The optical die is disposed over the photonic die and includes a substrate with optical nanostructures. Positions and shapes of the optical nanostructures are such to perform an optical transformation on the incident radiation of predetermined wavelength when the incident radiation passes through an area of the substrate where the optical nanostructures are located. The optical nanostructures overlie the grating coupler so that the incident radiation of predetermined wavelength crosses the optical die where the optical nanostructures are located before reaching the grating coupler.

Apparatuses, systems and methods for optical coupling, optical integration, electro-optical coupling, and electro-optical packaging are described herein. Optical couplers may comprise various optical elements (e.g., mirrors as described herein) to relax optical assembly requirements and improve producibility. Optical couplers may improve fiber-to-chip, fiber-to-fiber and chip-to-chip optical connection. Optical couplers and optical components may be used to improve integration of, connection of, and/or packaging of optical systems and/or components with electrical systems and/or components.

A device is provided. The device may be an optical device, a light coupling device, or a device containing an optical structure. The device includes a waveguide, a cladding, and a light coupling material. The light coupling material is disposed adjacent to the waveguide and has a first surface and a second surface, where the second surface is disposed further away from the waveguide than the first surface and a thickness of the second surface is greater than that of the first surface.

An optical device for coupling light propagating between a waveguide and an optical transmission component is provided. The optical device includes a taper portion and a grating portion. The taper portion is disposed between the grating portion and the waveguide. The grating portion includes rows of grating patterns. A first size of a first grating pattern in a first row of grating patterns is larger than a second size of a second grating pattern in a second row of grating patterns. A first distance between the first row of grating patterns and the waveguide is less than a second distance between the second row of grating patterns and the waveguide.

An optical device for coupling light propagating between a waveguide and an optical transmission component is provided. The optical device includes a taper portion and a grating portion. The taper portion is disposed between the grating portion and the waveguide. The grating portion includes rows of grating patterns. A first size of a first grating pattern in a first row of grating patterns is larger than a second size of a second grating pattern in a second row of grating patterns. A first distance between the first row of grating patterns and the waveguide is less than a second distance between the second row of grating patterns and the waveguide.

Configurations for an optical system used for guiding light and reducing back-reflection back in an output waveguide is disclosed. The optical system may include an output waveguide defined in a slab waveguide. The output waveguide may terminate before an output side of the slab waveguide, which may reduce the back-reflection of light from the output side back into the output waveguide. The output side may define an optical element that may steer the output light. The optical element may collimate the output light, cause the output light to converge, or cause the output light to diverge.