A circuit board substrate includes a reinforcing element embedded in a resin material. The reinforcing element includes an optical waveguide. The circuit board substrate can be used in electronic devices as a printed circuit board or the like. A circuit board substrate for use in electronic devices can be formed by embedding a reinforcing element comprising an optical waveguide in a resin. The optical waveguide can be coupled to optical signal transmission and reception elements to transmit an optical signal through the reinforcing element. The optical waveguide may be an optical fiber or the like in some examples.

A circuit board substrate includes a reinforcing element embedded in a resin material. The reinforcing element includes an optical waveguide. The circuit board substrate can be used in electronic devices as a printed circuit board or the like. A circuit board substrate for use in electronic devices can be formed by embedding a reinforcing element comprising an optical waveguide in a resin. The optical waveguide can be coupled to optical signal transmission and reception elements to transmit an optical signal through the reinforcing element. The optical waveguide may be an optical fiber or the like in some examples.

Optical modulators, one or more components of various optical modulators, and methods of forming optical modulators and/or one or more components are disclosed. A substrate may be provided and a precursor material may be applied to the substrate with a micro-contact printing stamp. The precursor material may be cured on the substrate and the waveguide may be formed into a micro-ring resonator. The micro-contact printing stamp may be configured to create a waveguide on the substrate.

Optical modulators, one or more components of various optical modulators, and methods of forming optical modulators and/or one or more components are disclosed. A substrate may be provided and a precursor material may be applied to the substrate with a micro-contact printing stamp. The precursor material may be cured on the substrate and the waveguide may be formed into a micro-ring resonator. The micro-contact printing stamp may be configured to create a waveguide on the substrate.

An opto-electric hybrid board includes: an electric circuit board including an insulation layer and electrical interconnect lines formed on the front surface of the insulation layer; and an optical waveguide provided on the back surface side of the insulation layer of the electric circuit board, with a metal layer therebetween. At least one opening is formed by removing at least part of a region of the metal layer which is overlaid on the contour of an end portion of the optical waveguide. The optical waveguide is formed, with part of the optical waveguide extending into the opening. The opto-electric hybrid board is favorably usable over a prolonged period because the end portion of the optical waveguide provided on the back surface side of the electric circuit board does not peel off the metal layer.

A monolithic PIC including a monolithic laser formed in/on a platform and a polymer modulator monolithically built onto the platform and optically coupled to the laser. The modulator includes a first cladding layer, a passive core region with a surface abutting a surface of the first cladding layer, the core region extending to define an input and an output for the modulator. A shaped electro-optic polymer active component has a surface abutting a surface of a central portion of the core region. The active component is polled to align dipoles and promote modulation of light and has a length that extends only within a modulation area defined by modulation electrodes. A second cladding layer encloses the active component and is designed to produce adiabatic transition of light waves traveling in the core region into the active component to travel the length thereof and return to the core region.

A monolithic PIC including a monolithic laser formed in/on a platform and a polymer modulator monolithically built onto the platform and optically coupled to the laser. The modulator includes a first cladding layer, a passive core region with a surface abutting a surface of the first cladding layer, the core region extending to define an input and an output for the modulator. A shaped electro-optic polymer active component has a surface abutting a surface of a central portion of the core region. The active component is polled to align dipoles and promote modulation of light and has a length that extends only within a modulation area defined by modulation electrodes. A second cladding layer encloses the active component and is designed to produce adiabatic transition of light waves traveling in the core region into the active component to travel the length thereof and return to the core region.

An opto-electric hybrid board is provided, which includes an electric circuit board including an electric wiring provided on a front surface of an insulation layer, an optical waveguide provided on a back side of the electric circuit board, and an outline processing alignment mark positioned adjacent to an outline processing portion on the front surface of the insulation layer on the same basis as the electric wiring, and has an outline formed by performing an outline processing operation with reference to the outline processing alignment mark . The opto-electric hybrid board has an accurate outline and, therefore, can be attached to other component without an engagement failure or a connection failure.

The present invention relates to an optical light guide element having a first end section with a light entrance area designed for facing a light source and having a second end section with a light exit area designed for facing a light target area, wherein the light exit area is defined by a second surface area on the optical light guide element which faces a light target area, and wherein the light entrance area is defined by a first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source, wherein the first end section comprises a first inclined surface area which forms an acute angle with the first surface area of the light entrance area, wherein the second end section forms a second inclined surface area which encloses an acute angle with the surface area of the light exit area, characterized in that said first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source comprises a first replicated polymer lens.

The present invention relates to an optical light guide element having a first end section with a light entrance area designed for facing a light source and having a second end section with a light exit area designed for facing a light target area, wherein the light exit area is defined by a second surface area on the optical light guide element which faces a light target area, and wherein the light entrance area is defined by a first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source, wherein the first end section comprises a first inclined surface area which forms an acute angle with the first surface area of the light entrance area, wherein the second end section forms a second inclined surface area which encloses an acute angle with the surface area of the light exit area, characterized in that said first surface area on the optical light guide element which faces the light source comprises a first replicated polymer lens.