To provide an optical waveguide having excellent adhesive properties with respect to a substrate, an epoxy resin photosensitive composition for an optical waveguide and a photosensitive film for an optical waveguide for fabricating the optical waveguide, and an opto-electric hybrid board including the optical waveguide.

An apparatus with integrated optical waveguides. The apparatus has: a plurality of layers, wherein a conductive pathway is patterned on a surface of at least one of the plurality of layers. The plurality of layers are laminated together. A plurality of nanocomposite-inks, each with a nanofiller dispersed in an organic matrix have optical dispersion different from the other plurality of nanocomposite-ink, form the optical waveguides. The optical waveguides are formed on the surface of, or within, at least one of the plurality of layers.

An optical system and a method for producing it is disclosed. The optical system has at least two separate optical components and an optical connection between them. In the inventive method, first and second optical component are provided, each having respective beam profiles. An arrangement of the first and second optical components and the form and target position of at least one beam-shaping element are specified. The beam-shaping element is produced using a three-dimensional direct-writing lithography method in situ at the target position to thereby obtain an optical component supplemented by the beam-shaping element. The supplemented optical component is placed and fixed on common base plate to thereby obtain the optical system. The optical systems produced with the present method can be used in optical data transfer, measurement technology and sensors, life sciences and medical technology, or optical signal processing.

Disclosed is a method for fabricating a spherical concave mirror in an optical waveguide based on ultraviolet (UV) grayscale lithography. A key component is a specially designed mask pattern composed of a rectangle as well as a semicircle adjacent to the rectangle, where a rectangular area has no grayscale distribution, and UV light penetrating through different portions of the rectangular area has the same intensity; a semicircular area has the grayscale distribution, and the UV light penetrating through the semicircular area with the grayscale distribution is changed in intensity from the center of a circle in the radius direction according to a special function distribution law; an interlayer photoresist in the rectangular area is irradiated by the UV light penetrating through a mask plate and is developed to form an optical waveguide core.

An optical system and a method for producing it is disclosed. The optical system has at least two separate optical components and an optical connection between them. In the inventive method, first and second optical component are provided, each having respective beam profiles. An arrangement of the first and second optical components and the form and target position of at least one beam-shaping element are specified. The beam-shaping element is produced using a three-dimensional direct-writing lithography method in situ at the target position to thereby obtain an optical component supplemented by the beam-shaping element. The supplemented optical component is placed and fixed on common base plate to thereby obtain the optical system. The optical systems produced with the present method can be used in optical data transfer, measurement technology and sensors, life sciences and medical technology, or optical signal processing.

Thermal isolation elements are provided in wafer-bonded silicon photonics that include a photonic platform, including a heating element and an optical waveguide that are disposed between a first surface and a second surface (opposite to the first surface) of the photonic platform; a substrate, including a third surface and a fourth surface (opposite to the third surface); wherein the first surface of the photonic platform is bonded to the third surface of the substrate; and wherein a cavity is defined by a trench in one or more of: the first surface and extending towards, but not reaching, the second surface, and the third surface and extending towards, but not reaching, the fourth surface; wherein the cavity is filled with a gas of a known composition at a predefined pressure; and wherein the cavity is aligned with the optical waveguide and the heating element.

Thermal isolation elements are provided in wafer-bonded silicon photonics that include a photonic platform, including a heating element and an optical waveguide that are disposed between a first surface and a second surface (opposite to the first surface) of the photonic platform; a substrate, including a third surface and a fourth surface (opposite to the third surface); wherein the first surface of the photonic platform is bonded to the third surface of the substrate; and wherein a cavity is defined by a trench in one or more of: the first surface and extending towards, but not reaching, the second surface, and the third surface and extending towards, but not reaching, the fourth surface; wherein the cavity is filled with a gas of a known composition at a predefined pressure; and wherein the cavity is aligned with the optical waveguide and the heating element.

An optical waveguide is provided and includes: a core forming layer with a high refractive index; and a first clad layer with a low refractive index, bonded to a first main surface of the core forming layer. The core forming layer is provided in its plane direction with a core portion, lateral clad portions each having one side adjacent to a corresponding side of the core portion, and high refractive index portions each adjacent to the other side of a corresponding one of the lateral clad portions. The core portion is provided in its plane direction with a central region, and GI regions in each of which a refractive index continuously decreases from the central region toward an interface with the corresponding one of the lateral clad portions. The lateral clad portions each include a region having a constant refractive index.

An optical waveguide is provided and includes: a core forming layer with a high refractive index; and a first clad layer with a low refractive index, bonded to a first main surface of the core forming layer. The core forming layer is provided in its plane direction with a core portion, lateral clad portions each having one side adjacent to a corresponding side of the core portion, and high refractive index portions each adjacent to the other side of a corresponding one of the lateral clad portions. The core portion is provided in its plane direction with a central region, and GI regions in each of which a refractive index continuously decreases from the central region toward an interface with the corresponding one of the lateral clad portions. The lateral clad portions each include a region having a constant refractive index.

An optical coupler is provided. The optical coupler includes: a first optical structure, and a second optical structure disposed over the first optical structure. The first optical structure includes: a first substrate, a first cladding layer disposed on the first substrate, and a first waveguide disposed on the first cladding layer. The first waveguide includes a first coupling portion, and the first coupling portion including a first taper part. The second optical structure includes: a second substrate, a dielectric layer disposed on the second substrate; and a second waveguide disposed on the dielectric layer. The second waveguide includes a second coupling portion, and the second coupling portion including a second taper part. The second taper part is disposed on and optically coupled with the first taper part, and a taper direction of the first taper part is the same as a taper direction of the second taper part.