A lighting device configured to accommodate an optical fiber is provided. The lighting device includes a breaking structure which accommodates a portion of the optical fiber in a state in which the portion includes two or more bends. The breaking structure is configured to break and sever the portion of the optical fiber when the optical fiber is subjected to a load of a predetermined magnitude.

A device (e.g., a photonic multiplexer) is provided that includes a plurality of first switches. Each first switch in the plurality of first switches includes a plurality of first channels. Each first switch is configured to shift photons in the plurality of first channels by zero or more channels, based on first configuration information provided to the first switch. The device further includes a plurality of second switches. Each second switch includes a plurality of second channels. Each second channel is coupled with a respective first channel from a distinct first switch of the plurality of first switches. Each second switch is configured to shift photons in the plurality of second channels by zero or more channels, based on second configuration information provided to the second switch.

Described herein is a system for directing light over two dimensions. In a first embodiment, an optical beam director includes a wavelength router, such as an optical interleaver, optically coupled to an array of dispersive elements, such as free-space diffractive couplers. In a second embodiment, an optical beam director includes a diffractive element optically coupled to a 1D-to-2D spatial interleaver.

An optical switch device includes a first semiconductor structure configured to operate as a first waveguide and a second semiconductor structure configured to operate as a second waveguide. The second semiconductor structure is located above or below the first semiconductor structure and separated from the first semiconductor structure. The second semiconductor structure includes a portion of a first doped region doped with dopants of a first type and a portion of a second doped region doped with dopants of a second type that is different from the dopants of the first type.

An undersea fiber optic cable routing architecture including a branching unit coupled to three trunk cables capable of switching individual fibers in each fiber pair within a cable to either of the other two cables. The branching unit comprises a plurality of optical switches and a controller for receiving remote command signals and configuring the optical switches in accordance with the remote command signals.

An optical device includes a first waveguide that includes a plurality of first portions coupled with regions doped with first dopants, and a plurality of second portions coupled with regions doped with second dopants, distinct from the first dopants, the plurality of first portions being interleaved with the plurality of second portions. And the optical device includes a second waveguide located adjacent to the first waveguide for coupling light from the first waveguide to the second waveguide. The second waveguide includes a third portion coupled with a third region doped with the first dopants and a fourth portion coupled with a fourth region doped with the second dopants, wherein the first portion is located adjacent to the third portion and the second portion is located adjacent to the fourth portion.

Described herein is a system for directing light over two dimensions. In a first embodiment, an optical beam director includes a wavelength router, such as an optical interleaver, optically coupled to an array of dispersive elements, such as free-space diffractive couplers. In a second embodiment, an optical beam director includes a diffractive element optically coupled to a 1D-to-2D spatial interleaver.

Described herein is a system for directing light over two dimensions. In a first embodiment, an optical beam director includes a wavelength router, such as an optical interleaver, optically coupled to an array of dispersive elements, such as free-space diffractive couplers. In a second embodiment, an optical beam director includes a diffractive element optically coupled to a 1D-to-2D spatial interleaver.

The technology described herein relates to a wavelength selective switch (WSS). An output port arrangement solution of an optical fiber array of the WSS includes: centers of output ports are arranged along a curve or along a combination line that includes a line segment, and a straight line connecting centers of any two output ports on the curve or the combination line does not pass through an input port. A light beam received from the input port is diffracted to the output ports through an LCoS panel, and a straight line that all diffraction orders that are generated after the diffraction pass through intersects with the curve or the line segment, and there is only one intersection point.

A measurement system includes a measurement device including a light source, and a first power meter, and one or a plurality of connection members each configured to optically connect a pair of optical fiber lines of the plurality of optical fiber lines. A first optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a first end and a second end, a second optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a third end and a fourth end, the one or plurality of connection members optically connect the second end to the fourth end, the light source causes testing light to be incident on the first end, and the first power meter measures first intensity of first output light output from the third end by causing the testing light to propagate through the pair of optical fiber lines.