An optical device includes an optical port array, an optical arrangement, a dispersion element, a focusing element and a programmable optical phase modulator. The optical port array has at least one optical input port for receiving an optical beam and a plurality of optical output ports. The optical arrangement allows optical coupling between the input port and each of the output ports and prevents optical coupling between any one of the plurality of optical output ports and any other of the plurality of optical output ports. The dispersion element receives the optical beam from the input port after traversing the optical arrangement and spatially separates the optical beam into a plurality of wavelength components. The focusing element focuses the plurality of wavelength components. The programmable optical phase modulator receives the focused plurality of wavelength components and steers them to a selected one of the optical outputs.

An optical device includes a first waveguide having a longitudinal axis and a first end facet inclined at a non-normal angle to the longitudinal axis, and a second waveguide, which has a second end facet and is fixed with the second end facet in proximity to and parallel with the first end facet. An actuator is coupled to move the first end facet of the first waveguide in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis between a first position in which a distance between the first and second end facets is less than 25 nm, and a second position in which the distance between the first and second end facets is greater than 300 nm.

An embodiment includes a method and device for forming a multi-qubit chip. The method includes forming a plurality of qubits on a chip, where each qubit comprises a Josephson junction. The method includes annealing one or more Josephson junctions. Annealing is performed by one or more of a plurality of laser emission sources on a planar lightwave circuit. Each of the laser emission sources is located above each qubit.

A steerable optical transmit and receive terminal includes a MEMS-based N1 optical switch network. Each optical switch in the optical switch network uses an electrostatic MEMS structure to selectively position a translatable optical grating close to or far from an optical waveguide. In the close (ON) position, light couples between the translatable optical grating and the optical waveguide, whereas in the far (OFF) position, no appreciable light couples between the translatable optical grating and the optical waveguide. The translatable optical grating is disposed at or near a surface of the optical switch network. Thus, the translatable optical grating emits light into, or receives light from, free space. The steerable optical transmit and receive terminal also includes a lens and can steer a free space optical beam in a direction determined by which port of the N1 optical switch network is ON.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a simple, compact optical switch with low power consumption. The present disclosure is an optical switch that includes: a first multi-core optical fiber having a plurality of cores on the same circumference from a central axis in a cross section perpendicular to a long axis direction; a first ferrule incorporating the first multi-core optical fiber; a second multi-core optical fiber in which cores are arranged at respective positions corresponding to the plurality of cores of the first multi-core optical fiber in a cross section perpendicular to the long axis direction; a second ferrule incorporating the second multi-core optical fiber and having an outer diameter equal to that of the first ferrule; a split sleeve for accommodating the first ferrule and the second ferrule in such a manner that the first ferrule and the second ferrule are opposed to each other on a central axis; a slit space adjustment jig for adjusting a space of a slit of the split sleeve; and a rotation mechanism for rotating one of the first ferrule and the second ferrule around the central axis.

A measurement system includes a measurement device including a light source, and a first power meter, and one or a plurality of connection members each configured to optically connect a pair of optical fiber lines of the plurality of optical fiber lines. A first optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a first end and a second end, a second optical fiber line of the pair of optical fiber lines includes a third end and a fourth end, the one or plurality of connection members optically connect the second end to the fourth end, the light source causes testing light to be incident on the first end, and the first power meter measures first intensity of first output light output from the third end by causing the testing light to propagate through the pair of optical fiber lines.

A steerable optical transmit and receive terminal includes a MEMS-based N1 optical switching network. Each optical switch in the switching network uses an electrostatic MEMS structure to selectively position a translatable optical grating close to or far from an optical waveguide. In the close (ON) position, light couples between the translatable optical grating and the optical waveguide, whereas in the far (OFF) position, no appreciable light couples between the translatable optical grating and the optical waveguide. The translatable optical grating is disposed at or near a surface of the optical switching network. Thus, the translatable optical grating emits light into, or receives light from, free space. The steerable optical transmit and receive terminal also includes a lens and can steer a free space optical beam in a direction determined by which port of the N1 optical switching network is ON.

An optical device includes a first waveguide having a longitudinal axis and a first end facet inclined at a non-normal angle to the longitudinal axis, and a second waveguide, which has a second end facet and is fixed with the second end facet in proximity to and parallel with the first end facet. An actuator is coupled to move the first end facet of the first waveguide in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis between a first position in which a distance between the first and second end facets is less than 25 nm, and a second position in which the distance between the first and second end facets is greater than 300 nm.

A rotating or tilting MEMS structure, such as a tilt mirror for an optical device, includes a damping mechanism, provided by locating an inlay block structure underneath the MEMS rotating surface. Damping is created by the temporary squeezing or compression of the air, atmosphere, or gas(es) surrounding the MEMS structure, between the underside of the MEMS tilting surface and the top surface of the block. Movement of the MEMS surface away from the top surface of the block will also be damped by the temporary reduction in pressure. The block structure is fabricated separately from the MEMS tilt-mirror structure and located under the MEMS tilt-mirror structure, either before or during the die-attach or die-bonding process. The damping effect serves to minimize and limit the amplitude and duration of oscillatory motion of the MEMS tilt-mirror, following intentional movement of the mirror, or, in response to external shock and vibrational forces.

This application discloses an optical switch and an optical switching system. The optical switch includes a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a movable waveguide, the first waveguide and the second waveguide are immovable relative to a substrate and are located in a plane, and an optical coupling relationship exists between the first waveguide and the second waveguide; the movable waveguide is movable relative to the substrate, and the movable waveguide is optically coupled to an input section or an output section of the first waveguide; when the movable waveguide is located at a first location, the movable waveguide is optically decoupled from the first waveguide, and the optical switch is in a through state; and when the movable waveguide is located at a second location, the movable waveguide is optically coupled to the input section or the output section, and the optical switch is in a drop state.