An optical cross-connect disclosed herein includes an input-end unit, an optical beam-splitting and switching unit, and an output-end unit. The input-end unit is configured to transmit a set of first light beams to the optical beam-splitting and switching unit. The optical beam-splitting and switching unit is configured to split each light beam in the set of first light beams into second light beams, to obtain a set of second light beams. The optical beam-splitting and switching unit is further configured to: perform optical path deflection on each light beam in the set of second light beams based on a preset optical-path offset parameter set, and transmit, to the output-end unit, the deflected second light beams. The output-end unit is configured to output the set of second light beams.

Integrated optical component combine the functions of a Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA), a tap coupler, and a photo-detector, reducing the size, cost, and complexity of these functions. In other embodiments, the integrated optical component combines the functions of an optical switch, a tap coupler, and a photo-detector. A rotatable mirror is used to adjust the coupling of light from an input port or ports to one or more output ports. A pin hole with a surrounding reflective surface is used at the core end face of one or more output fibers, such that a portion of the output optical signal is reflected to a photodiode chip. The photo-detector provides an indication of the optical power that is being coupled to the output fiber. With appropriate electronic control circuitry, the integrated optical component can be used to set the output optical power at a desired or required level.

Embodiments herein describe spectroscopy systems that provide frequency, amplitude, and power-stabilized light to a vapor cell. An optical signal can be split into two optical paths where a first optical path includes an AOM to perform frequency and amplitude modulation to generate a pump optical signal and a second optical path that includes a variable optical attenuator (VOA) for generating a probe optical signal. These optical signals can then be provided into a vapor cell (also referred to as a gas cell) to perform spectroscopy.

Several optical micro-electromechanical systems (OptoMEMS) are provided. One of the OptoMEMS comprises an OptoMEMS chip, and a photonic chip coupled to the OptoMEMS chip; wherein the OptoMEMS chip comprises a photonic cavity and a first platform on which the photonic cavity is fabricated, and the photonic chip comprises a waveguide and a second platform on which the waveguide is fabricated; wherein the photonic cavity comprises at least one dielectric beam, each of which further comprises at least one array of air holes; wherein the photonic cavity is at least partially made of a photonic crystal, and the lattice constant of the photonic crystal is reduced or increased gradually in a central region of the photonic cavity, allowing the light of a specific frequency to be trapped in the center region.

The present invention discloses an optical power equilibrium method and apparatus. The method includes: configuring a liquid crystal on silicon LCOS as a blazed grating pattern whose phase periodically changes, where each period includes three grating segments, a pixel quantity in each period does not change, and a second grating segment is located between a first grating segment and a third grating segment; monitoring power of wavelength signals in a WDM signal, where the WDM signal includes a first wavelength signal; and reducing a phase modulation depth and a pixel quantity of the second grating segment in each period at a first location if power of the first wavelength signal is greater than preset target power, so that the power of the first wavelength signal is the same as the target power, where the first location is a location at which the first wavelength signal is incident to the LCOS.

According to one example, the present application discloses an optical circuit comprising a grating to receive input light of mixed polarizations and output light of a same polarization to a first waveguide and a second waveguide. The first waveguide and second waveguide are optically coupled to a plurality of resonators that are coupled to a plurality of gratings that are to output light of mixed polarizations.

An optical circuit includes: a polarization rotation/separation element that spatially separates and outputs a first component which is a component in a first polarization direction, out of input light, and a second component obtained by converting a component in a second polarization direction orthogonal to the first polarization direction, out of the input light, into a component in the first polarization direction; a multiplexer that is disposed on an output side of the polarization rotation/separation element, and multiplexes the first component and the second component; and at least one attenuation element that is disposed on the output side of the polarization rotation/separation element, and attenuates any optical power of one of the first component and the second component, both of the first component and the second component, and multiplexed light multiplexed by the multiplexer.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid crystal grating-based optical switching apparatus, including an input collimator, an input polarization beam splitter, an input quarter-wave plate, a liquid crystal grating, an output quarter-wave plate, an output polarization beam splitter, and an output collimator. A transmission path is selected for an optical signal by changing a voltage of a liquid crystal grating so that the optical signal is output to a selected output.

According to one example, the present application discloses an optical circuit comprising a grating to receive input light of mixed polarizations and output light of a same polarization to a first waveguide and a second waveguide. The first waveguide and second waveguide are optically coupled to a plurality of resonators that are coupled to a plurality of gratings that are to output light of mixed polarizations.

Core configuration transformers and methods of making same. A core configuration transformer includes a transforming optical fiber having plurality of routing cores embedded therein. The transforming optical fiber includes a first end face and a second end face. The plurality of routing cores is configured to define a first end face core pattern at the first end face of the transforming optical fiber, and a second end face core pattern at the second end face of the transforming optical fiber that has one or both of a different arrangement of cores or a different polarity of cores.