A passive optical network includes a central office providing subscriber signals; a drop terminal; and a wave division multiplexer. A fiber distribution hub may split or separate out dedicated optical signals from subscriber optical signals between the central office and the drop terminal. The wave division multiplexer separates dedicated optical signals pertaining to a specific dedicated subscriber from other optical signals on the line received at the wave division multiplexer. The wave division multiplexer may be part of a cable or part of an intermediate service terminal.

Low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) spectroscopy is an angular resolved backscattering technique that is sensitive to sub-diffusion light transport length scales in which information about the scattering phase function is preserved. Lens-based and lens-free fiber optic LEBS probes are described that are capable of measuring optical properties of a target tissue through depth-limited measurements of backscattering angles within the enhanced backscattered cone.

In a first embodiment, cable sealing device is described herein for use in a port structure of fiber terminal, telecommunication enclosure, or a bulkhead. The exemplary cable sealing device comprises a unibody construction comprising a rigid body portion, the rigid portion having a generally tubular shape that includes an interior passageway extend from a first end to a second end of the rigid body portion; and an elastomeric body portion over molded onto and extending from an end of the rigid body portion, the elastomeric body portion comprises a front end having an interior sleeve that extends into interior passageway at the second end of rigid body portion and an exterior sealing sleeve that is formed over the second end of rigid body portion, and a closed end disposed opposite the open end, wherein the closed end includes a removable portion.

Optical-fiber connector modules are disclosed. In one example, an optical-fiber connector module can include a receptacle disposed in a housing, a cable extending from the housing, and an optical fiber within at least the cable. The receptacle can be configured to accept insertion of a first plug for establishing a first optical connection between the optical-fiber connector module and an optical-fiber stylet of a medical device. The cable can include a second plug for establishing a second optical connection between the optical-fiber connector module and an optical interrogator. The optical fiber extends from the receptacle through the cable to the second plug. The optical fiber can be configured to convey input optical signals from the optical interrogator to the optical-fiber stylet and reflected optical signals from the optical-fiber stylet to the optical interrogator. Shape-sensing systems including the optical-fiber connector modules and methods of the foregoing are also disclosed.

An optical fiber connector adapted to use with two optical fibers includes a base seat, a positioning member, and a joint unit. The base seat includes a tubular wall defining an axial hole and two extension walls defining an accommodation space in spatial communication with the axial hole. The positioning member is disposed in the axial hole and defines a channel permitting the optical fibers to extend therethrough. The joint unit includes two central pins and two sleeves. The central pins are adapted to be connected respectively to the optical fibers. The sleeves are sleeved respectively on the central pins and are detachably mounted to the base seat such that positions of the central pins relative to each other are fixed.

Apparatus for establishing optical connection between optical fibers, the apparatus comprising: a first array comprising a plurality of slack management units (SMU), each having a holding socket for holding an optical end connector of an optical fiber and configured to reel in a length of fiber released when the optical end connector is removed from the holding socket; a second array comprising a plurality of coupling sockets, each configured to hold an optical end of an optical fiber; and a pick and place grabber controllable to grab an optical end connector seated in a holding socket of any SMU in the first array, move the optical end connector into any coupling socket in the second array to establish an optical connection between the optical fiber connected to the optical end connector, and an optical end of an optical fiber held in the coupling socket; at least one identification (ID) tag; an ID reader operable to interrogate each of the at least one ID tag; a controller configured to control the ID reader to interrogate an ID tag of the at least one ID to identify an optical end connector in the first array and/or a coupling socket in the second array.

An optical device may include an optic disposed in an optical path. The optical device may include a mount to dispose the optic in the optical path. The optical device may include a plurality of spring clamps to attach the optic to the mount. The spring clamp, of the plurality of spring clamps, may include a body, a spring, and a screw. The screw may be to attach to the mount and to compress the spring. The spring may be to dispose a leading edge of the body against the optic. The spring clamp may be to maintain the optic in the optical path for a thermal cycle of at least between approximately 50 C. and approximately 130 C.

A fiber optic connector comprising a connector body that can receive the optical cable and a complimentary receptacle. Fiber optic connector comprises a ferrule body having a passageway to guide an optical fiber of the optical cable, and a compress body being arranged between the connector body and the ferrule body. The compress body has a hollow area to receive the optical fiber. The compress body is configured to exert a force to the ferrule body so that the end face of the ferrule body is moved in a forward direction away from the connector body, when an external force is applied to an outer surface of the compress body. Methods of making assemblies are also disclosed.

In one aspect, a light module is disclosed, which includes a housing providing a hollow chamber extending from a proximal end to a distal end, and a lens positioned in the hollow chamber, where the lens has a lens body comprising an input surface for receiving light from a light source and an output surface through which light exits the lens body, said lens further comprising a collar at least partially encircling said lens body. The light module further includes at least one shoulder on which the lens collar can be seated for positioning the lens within the housing. A light source, e.g., an LED, is coupled to the hollow chamber, e.g., at its proximal end, for providing light to the lens.

A fiber optical adapter includes a base body and a base element. The base body includes a receiving groove. Two ends of the base body form insertion openings respectively communicating with the receiving groove. The base element is in the receiving groove. The base element includes a first connection member, a second connection member combined with the first connection member, and socket members. Each socket member is received in the corresponding first sleeve member of the first connection member and the corresponding second sleeve member of the second connection member.