An endoscope includes a four color separation prism having a first color separation prism, a second color separation prism, a third color separation prism, and a fourth color separation prism which respectively separate light incident from an affected area into a blue, red and green color components, and an IR component, first, second, third and fourth color image sensors, and a signal output. The first color separation prism, the second color separation prism, the third color separation prism, and the fourth color separation prism are sequentially disposed from an object side when receiving the light incident from the affected area. The first color image sensor is disposed opposite to the second color image sensor and the third color image sensor across an incident ray which is incident vertically to an object side incident surface of the first color separation prism.

Systems, devices, and methods for focusing laser projectors are described. A laser projector includes N≧1 laser diodes, each of which emits laser light having a divergence. Each laser diode is paired with a respective primary or collimation lens to at least reduce a divergence of the laser light that the laser diode produces. Downstream from the primary lens(es) in the optical path(s) of the laser light, a single dedicated secondary or convergence lens converges the laser light to a focus. By initiating the convergence of the laser light at the secondary or convergence lens as opposed to at the primary or collimation lens(es), numerous benefits that are particularly advantageous in laser projection-based wearable heads-up displays are realized.

A method of video coding using block partitioning process including a binary tree partitioning process is disclosed. The block partitioning process is applied to a block of video data to partition the block into final sub-blocks. Coding process comprising prediction process, transform process or both for the block will be applied at the final sub-blocks level. The binary tree partitioning process can be applied to a given block recursively to generate binary tree leaf nodes until a termination condition is met. In another embodiment, the quadtree partitioning process is applied to a block first. The quadtree leaf nodes are further partitioned using the binary tree partitioning process. The quadtree partitioning process can be applied to a given block recursively to generate quadtree leaf nodes until a termination condition is met.

A method of spectrally multiplexing diode pump modules to increase brightness includes generating one or more pump beams from respective diode lasers at a first wavelength in a diode laser package, generating one or more pump beams from respective diode lasers at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength in the diode laser package, wavelength combining at least one of the pump beams at the first wavelength with at least one of the pump beams at the second wavelength to form one or more combined pump beams, and receiving the combined pump beams in a pump fiber coupled to the diode laser package. Laser systems can include multi-wavelength pump modules and a gain fiber having a core actively doped so as to have an absorption spectrum corresponding to the multiple wavelength, the gain fiber situated to receive the pump light and to produce an output beam at an output wavelength.

An optical module 1 includes: a mirror unit 2 including a base 21, a movable mirror 22, and a fixed mirror 16; a beam splitter unit 3 that is disposed on one side of the mirror unit 2 in a Z-axis direction; a light incident unit 4 that causes measurement light L0 to be incident to the beam splitter unit 3; a first light detector 6 that is disposed on the one side of the beam splitter unit 3 in the Z-axis direction, and detects interference light L1 of measurement light which is emitted from the beam splitter unit 3; a support 9 to which the mirror unit 2 is attached; a first support structure 11 that supports the beam splitter unit 3; and a second support structure 12 that is attached to the support 9 and supports the first light detector 6.

A non-linear optical pumping detection apparatus and a non-linear optical absorption cross-section measurement method, which can simultaneously measure degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross-section spectra. The measurement process is automatic, efficient and fast. The working wavelength band is from 380 nm to near infrared 1064 nm, and the non-linear performance measurement of the super-continuous wide spectra can be realized. A zoom optical system with a larger entrance pupil diameter is adopted as a weak signal acquisition lens. So the weak signal can be effectively extracted from background noise. Meanwhile, the mean square root diameter of an on-axis image point of the zoom optical system is 100 to 150 microns, the divergence angle 2α of the on-axis image point is 30.6 degrees, which well match the optical fiber coupling condition, thereby improving the coupling efficiency of the space light coupling into the optical fiber, and greatly improving the measurement sensitivity.

In an optical device, an elastic support unit includes a pair of levers which face in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction, a pair of first torsion support portions which are connected between the levers and the base, a pair of second torsion support portions which are connected between the pair of levers and the movable unit, and a first link member that bridges the levers. The levers and the first link member define a light passage opening. Each of connection positions between the levers and the first torsion support portions is located on a side opposite to the movable unit with respect to the center of the light passage opening in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction. A maximum width of the light passage opening in the second direction is defined by a gap between the levers in the second direction.

The present disclosure is to provide a surgical observation apparatus (2000) that includes: a light source unit (1000) including a first light source (198) that emits observation light for observing an operative field, a second light source (100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150) that emits special light in a wavelength band different from the first light source; and an optical system (190) capable of changing the emission angle of the special light with respect to the operative field, the light source unit emitting the observation light and the special light onto the operative field from the same emission port; and an imaging unit (2010) that captures an image of the operative field illuminated by the light source unit.

Methods of designing a laser writing system for modifying a plurality of ophthalmic devices, and systems designed in accordance with those methods. One example of such a method includes: (a) determining at least one material characteristic of the ophthalmic devices, determined over a range of laser writing system parameters; (b) determining at least one design characteristic of the ophthalmic device; and (c) using at least the determined material and design characteristics, configuring at least one system parameter of the laser writing system to optimize throughput of the laser writing system, the laser writing system including: (i) a laser configured to generate a laser beam, (ii) a splitter configured to split the laser beam into a plurality of outputs, and (iii) a plurality of writing heads, each writing head configured to direct at least one of the outputs to an ophthalmic device to write one or more localized refractive index modifications into the ophthalmic device.

A light source device includes a laser optical system, a fluorescence optical system, and a light combiner combining first and second outgoing lights from the laser optical system and the fluorescent optical system. The laser optical system includes first laser optical sources emitting a plurality of outgoing lights respectively, the plurality of outgoing lights being blue, green, and red lights, or blue and red lights; a first dichroic mirror combining the plurality of outgoing lights from the first laser optical sources, and a diffusion plate reducing speckle noise and an uneven luminance of each of the plurality of outgoing lights. The fluorescence optical system includes a second laser light source, and a phosphor plate emitting, as the second outgoing light, a fluorescent light containing green and red lights by being excited by an outgoing light from the second laser light source. The light combiner includes a second dichroic mirror.