The grating substrate includes a first base substrate and a plurality of grating units on the first base substrate. The grating unit includes two control layers, a barrier structure between the two control layers, and a plurality of movable particles in a closed cavity surrounded by the barrier structure and the two control layers. The two control layers include a first control layer and a second control layer. The first control layer is located on a side of the second control layer distal from the first base substrate, and the two control layers are configured to control movement of the plurality of particles. The particles satisfy at least one of the following conditions: the particles have a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the first control layer, or the particles are non-transparent particles.

A three-dimensional display device includes a display panel including an active area to display, in the active area, a composite image including a first image and a second image having parallax with respect to the first image, a parallax barrier that defines a traveling direction of image light emitted from the active area, a position obtainer that obtains a position of a first eye of a viewer and a position of a second eye of the viewer different from the first eye, and a controller that causes the active area to display the composite image based on the positions of the first and second eyes. The active area includes multiple subpixels. The controller divides a screen of the display panel into multiple areas each having a specific reference index, and changes a parallax image with respect to the reference index.

A driving support system includes a three-dimensional (3D) projector and a driver monitoring apparatus. The driver monitoring apparatus and the 3D projector share a camera system. A camera captures an image of a driver of a vehicle, divides the captured image into a plurality of divisional captured images, and transmits the plurality of divisional captured images separately. A first controller performs a first detection process to detect first information associated with a position of an eye of the driver in response to receiving at least one of the plurality of divisional captured images from the camera. A second controller generates, in response to receiving all of the plurality of divisional captured images from the camera, a captured image by composition, and performs a second detection process to detect second information associated with a driving state of the driver.

Relay systems may be incorporated into optical systems to direct light from at least one image source to a viewing volume. Light from a plurality of image sources may be directed by relay systems to a viewing volume. Some light from the plurality of image sources may be occluded by an occlusion system to reduce undesirable artifacts in when the relayed light from the plurality of image sources are observed in the viewing volume.

A display device, including a display panel, a stereoscopic structure, and a light control structure, is provided. The stereoscopic structure is disposed on the display panel, wherein the stereoscopic structure includes multiple stereoscopic units, and the stereoscopic units extend in a first direction. The light control structure is disposed between the display panel and the stereoscopic structure, wherein the light control structure includes multiple light control units, and the light control units extend in a second direction. An included angle between the first direction and the second direction is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

A display device, including a display panel, a stereoscopic structure, and a light control structure, is provided. The stereoscopic structure is disposed on the display panel, wherein the stereoscopic structure includes multiple stereoscopic units, and the stereoscopic units extend in a first direction. The light control structure is disposed between the display panel and the stereoscopic structure, wherein the light control structure includes multiple light control units, and the light control units extend in a second direction. An included angle between the first direction and the second direction is greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

A head-up display includes a first panel, a second panel, and an optical system. The first panel includes first subpixels arranged at a first pitch in a parallax direction, in which direction binocular parallax is provided to user's eyes. The second panel includes second subpixels arranged at a second pitch in the parallax direction. The second panel is placed along the first panel. The second panel is configured to produce, based on an image displayed on the first panel, a parallax image for providing binocular parallax to the user's eyes. The optical system enables the parallax image to be provided in enlarged dimension to the user's eyes. The first pitch and the second pitch are equal to each other.

A head-up display includes a first panel, a second panel, and an optical system. The first panel includes first subpixels arranged at a first pitch in a parallax direction, in which direction binocular parallax is provided to user's eyes. The second panel includes second subpixels arranged at a second pitch in the parallax direction. The second panel is placed along the first panel. The second panel is configured to produce, based on an image displayed on the first panel, a parallax image for providing binocular parallax to the user's eyes. The optical system enables the parallax image to be provided in enlarged dimension to the user's eyes. The first pitch and the second pitch are equal to each other.

An autostereoscopic device and a method for generating an autostereoscopic image are disclosed. The device includes a substrate, a first image-forming layer disposed on the substrate, a second image-forming layer, a light-transmissive layer positioned between the first image-forming layer and the second image-forming layer, and an addressing unit. The addressing unit is used to substantially simultaneously adjust the first image-forming layer and the second image-forming layer in order to generate an autostereoscopic image. The image-forming layers may be thermally sensitive or they may include capsules containing electrophoretically responsive particles.

A virtual 3D display for a motor vehicle includes a substrate and a flexible display positioned on the substrate. The flexible display has two foldable sections and a main section. The main section provides a shared viewing area and each of the foldable sections provides a first and a second independent viewing area.