A liquid crystal cell, a method of driving a liquid crystal cell, and a liquid-crystal-based spectacle lens are provided. The liquid crystal cell includes: a ring-like electrode layer, a liquid crystal layer, and an opposite electrode layer. The second ring-like electrode region is concentric with the first ring-like electrode region and surrounds the first ring-like electrode region; the first ring-like electrode region is configured to drive corresponding liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so as to form a first Fresnel zone plate region in the liquid crystal cell; the second ring-like electrode region is configured to drive corresponding liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, so as to form a second Fresnel zone plate region of the liquid crystal cell; an order of the second Fresnel zone plate region is smaller than an order of the first Fresnel zone plate region.

An optical device (20) includes an electro-optical layer, including a liquid crystal material (24) with a heliconical structure having a pitch that is less than 250 nm and is modifiable by an electric field. An array of excitation electrodes (28) extends over the electro-optical layer. Control circuitry (23) is coupled to apply control voltage waveforms to the excitation electrodes and is configured to modify the control voltage waveforms so as to locally modify a molecule director angle of the heliconical structure and thus to generate a specified phase modulation profile in the electro-optical layer.

A meniscus shaped lens module comprises one or more structures that decrease an amount of pressure or force to move one or more surfaces of the lens module and increase a separation distance of anterior and posterior surfaces of the module in order to provide an increase in optical power. A lens structure of the module comprises one or more of a pattern of a surface of a central chamber, a meniscus, a reduced diameter or a soft material in order to provide increased amounts of curvature of an outer contact lens surface with decreased amounts of pressure. The pattern can be formed in one or more of many ways, and may comprise one or more of folds, patterning, bellows or concertinaed surface of an optically transmissive material having a substantially uniform thickness such as a sheet of a membrane material.

An ophthalmic lens has a changeable corrective effect, which automatically changes over a predetermined period of time. Further, the ophthalmic lens provides a gradually increasing undercorrection of the far point of the eye over the course of a day, which brings about a deceleration in the axial length growth of the eyeball. In addition, a method for automatically adapting a corrective effect, a pair of spectacles, and a use of an ophthalmic lens are disclosed.

Provided is a device for displaying augmented reality including an optical engine configured to output light of a virtual image, a waveguide configured to output light of the virtual image and transmit light of a real scene, a first lens part and a second lens part, and a processor, the first lens part being configured to tune a focus of the virtual image and including a first focus-tunable lens having a refractive power tunable by the processor and a fixed refractive lens having a refractive power, the second lens part being configured to compensate distortion of the real scene and including a second focus-tunable lens having a refractive power that is tunable by the processor, and the processor being further configured to determine the first refractive power based on vision information of the user, attribute depth information of the virtual image, and fixed refractive power of the fixed refractive lens.

An eye-mountable device (EMD) includes a lens enclosure, liquid crystal material, first and second electrodes, a substrate, and a controller. The lens enclosure includes a first encapsulation layer and a second encapsulation layer sealed to the first encapsulation layer. The liquid crystal material is disposed across a central region of the lens enclosure. The first electrode is disposed within the lens enclosure between the first encapsulation layer and the liquid crystal material. The second electrode is disposed within the lens enclosure between the second encapsulation layer and the liquid crystal material. The substrate is disposed within the EMD. The controller is disposed on the substrate and electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes to apply a voltage across the liquid crystal material.

An apparatus to treat refractive error of an eye comprises an optic comprising an optical zone and a peripheral defocus optical structure to form images of a plurality of stimuli anterior or posterior to a peripheral portion of a retina of the eye. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure located outside the optical zone. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure comprises optical power to focus light to a different depth of the eye than the optical zone. In some embodiments, the optic comprises one or more of a lens, an optically transparent substrate, a beam splitter, a prism, or an optically transmissive support.

An ophthalmic device including liquid crystal alignment features is disclosed herein. An example device may include first and second optical elements. The first optical element may include first liquid crystal alignment features formed on a first surface. The second optical element may include a first optical diffraction grating formed on a second surface, and second liquid crystal alignment features formed on the second surface. The first surface of the first optical element may face the second surface of the second optical element, and a first liquid crystal material may be disposed between the first and second surfaces of the first and second optical elements.

A method of manufacturing an optic includes disposing electronic circuitry on a substrate. The method also includes depositing a first resin on the first side of the electronic circuitry and curing the first resin to form a first optical segment. The method further includes depositing a second resin on the second side of the electronic circuitry and curing the second resin to form a second optical segment. The first and second optical segments encapsulate the electronic circuitry. The first resin and the second resin can include multiple droplets of resin, thereby reducing mechanical force imposed on the electronic circuitry during printing and allowing conformal contact between the resin and the electronic circuitry. Accordingly, electronic circuitry of smaller dimension can be used to form the electronic eyewear.

Systems and methods for non-invasively assessing ciliary muscle accommodative potential in phakic eyes may include receiving a plurality of signals generated by a plurality of bipolar electrodes during a ciliary muscle assessment procedure, each of the plurality of signals indicating an electrical field associated with a patient's ciliary muscle, and analyzing the signals to evaluate the patient's ciliary muscle accommodative potential.