A lens that includes an electroactive region where an optical characteristic changes by electric control comprises: a transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate disposed facing the first transparent substrate; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; and including a mark including information.

An apparatus to treat refractive error of an eye comprises an electroactive component configured to switch between a light scattering or optical power providing configuration to treat refractive error of the eye and a substantially transparent configuration to allow normal viewing. The electroactive component can be located on the lens away from a central axis of the lens to provide light to a peripheral region of the retina to decrease the progression of myopia. The electroactive component can be located on the lens away from the central axis of the lens in order for the wearer to view objects through an optical zone while the electroactive component scatters light. The electroactive component can be configured to switch to the substantially transparent configuration to allow light to pass through the electroactive component and to allow the lens to refract light to correct vision and allow normal viewing through the lens.

A lens includes a switchable optical element having an optical substrate with a diffraction surface. A substrate cover forms an internal chamber with the optical substrate. An elastic membrane in contact with the diffraction surface of the substrate forms an active chamber. Through channels are placed through the optical substrate's thinnest parts of the grooves connecting the active and internal chambers. The switchable optical element changes focus positions between one focus with the optical fluid filling the active chamber and the elastic membrane taking a non-periodic shape with the membrane's surface forming a refractive shape of certain curvature and another focus where the optical fluid is transported from the active chamber through the through channels to the internal chamber for the elastic membrane to conform to the diffraction surface shape of the optical substrate with the membrane's surface forming diffractive surface of periodicity of the diffractive guiding surface.

An apparatus to treat refractive error of an eye comprises an optic comprising an optical zone and a peripheral defocus optical structure to form images of a plurality of stimuli anterior or posterior to a peripheral portion of a retina of the eye. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure is located outside the optical zone. In some embodiments, the peripheral defocus optical structure comprises optical power to focus light to a different depth of the eye than the optical zone. In some embodiments, the optic comprises one or more of a lens, an optically transparent substrate, a beam splitter, a prism, or an optically transmissive support.

A lens includes: a substrate that includes a diffraction region where a plurality of protruding strips are coaxially and alternately formed. The diffraction region includes a first diffraction region and a second diffraction region that is located in at least a part of a region different from the first diffraction region. The second diffraction region includes: groove spaces lying between adjacent ones of the protruding strips with one another; and a communication space communicating between adjacent ones of the groove spaces with one another.

A method of controlling shade of light valve for auto darkening filter includes: controlling the current shade of the light valve at a first shade, continuously detecting a welding arc signal until it is detected; controlling the first shade of the light valve to change to a target shade, and maintaining the target shade for welding work until the welding arc signal is interrupted; controlling the light valve to transition from the target shade to the first shade within a time period T.sub.2, wherein at least one intermediate shade is passed during the transition. For the conventional ADF, after the welding arc signal disappears, the control circuit immediately switches the light valve from the target shade to the light state shade. The switch of the light valve from the target shade to the light state shade occurs instantaneously, therefore the user may feel dazzling, causing damage to vision.

Eyewear including an optical functional member, control electronics, and a sealed electrical connective element connecting the electronics to the optical functional member. The connective element can directly connect the electronics to the optical functional member, or can connect through an intermediate contact, e.g., a plug-and-receptacle. The connective element can be routed from the electronics, around a rimlock of the eyewear to the optical functional member. The connective element can be a conductive compressible member, such as conductive rubber. In some embodiments, the connective element can be a multiconductor cable.

A method and system for image display with a head-mounted device, which use a seethrough tunable diffractive mirror, such as a see-through tunable holographic mirror or seethrough tunable LCD array mirror, which mirror is useful in providing augmented reality.

An embodiment of an eye-mountable device includes an optical lens; an accommodation actuator to provide vision accommodation for the optical lens; a controller including an accommodation logic to select one of a plurality of vision accommodation states for the device, the plurality of vision accommodation states including at least a failsafe focal distance; and a failsafe subsystem including a system health detector, the system health detector to monitor for one or more operational indicators for the device, wherein the failsafe subsystem is to cause the device to transition to a failsafe mode upon the failsafe subsystem identifying a failure condition for the device, the failsafe mode includes setting the vision accommodation state to be the failsafe focal distance.

A pair of eyeglasses may include one or more adjustable lenses that are each configured to align with a respective one of a user's eyes. The adjustable lenses may each include electrically modulated optical material such as one or more liquid crystal cells. The liquid crystal cells may include arrays of electrodes that extend along one, two, three, four, or more than four directions. Control circuitry may apply control signals to the array of electrodes in each liquid crystal cell to produce a desired phase profile. Each lens may be foveated such that portions of the lens within the user's gaze exhibit a different phase profile than portions of the lens outside of the user's gaze. The control circuitry may adjust the location of the optically distinct area so that it remains aligned with the user's gaze.