The present disclosure relates to optical switching devices and switch modules that are designed for long-term security monitoring of high-value infrastructure access entry points. Embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure include optical switches based on fiber-Bragg gratings whose operating wavelengths are based on the presence or absence of magnetic coupling between an embedded permanent magnet and an external element. By monitoring the spectral position of the operating wavelengths and/or the magnitude of a light signal at the operating wavelengths, the state of the magnetic coupling can be determined and used as an indicator of whether the security switch has been actuated.

An optomechanical system including a guide structure, to guide a light beam; and two waveguide segments. Each guide structure include beams that together form two combs partially nested one in the other. At least one beam is free to move in translation along an axis orthogonal to the long axis of the guide structure. A displacement into an optical phase shift, while limiting additional effects on the intensity.

A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

Systems and methods provide a nonreciprocal nanophotonic modulator. In some examples, the modulator utilizes acoustic pumping, instead of optical pumping with lasers, and is capable of achieving GHz bandwidth.

A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

Systems and methods for steering an optical beam in two dimensions are disclosed. The system includes a substrate comprising an acousto-optic antenna array and an acoustic transducer. Each antenna of the antenna array includes a high-confinement surface waveguide carrying a light signal. The acoustic transducer imparts acoustic energy into each surface waveguide as a mechanical wave. Interaction of the light signal and mechanical wave in each surface waveguide induces light to scatter into free space. The light scattered out of the plurality of waveguides collectively defines the output beam. The longitudinal angle of output beam, relative to the substrate, is determined by the relative frequencies of the mechanical waves and the light signals. The transverse angle of the output beam is controlled by controlling the relative phases of the mechanical waves and/or light signals across the surface-waveguide array.

The invention relates to an optical device (100) comprising: a waveguide (200) comprising a core (210) extending along an axis of symmetry XX, and encapsulated in a cladding layer (220), an actuator (400) with width L.sub.a, overlapping the core (210) and extending along an axis of symmetry YY parallel to the axis of symmetry XX, said actuator (400) is designed so that when a voltage is applied to it, it imposes a mechanical stress at the core (210) to modify its refraction index the device being characterised in that the second axis of symmetry YY is offset by a lateral offset D from a plane of symmetry of the waveguide (200) including the first axis of symmetry and perpendicular to the cladding layer (220), the lateral offset is between 15% and 50% of the width L.sub.a.

In an optical system that includes a coherent light source and an optical waveguide, a pulse width used by the optical waveguide to project image frames on a display is changed on a frame-by-frame basis. By changing the pulse width for each image frame, the locations and characteristics of visible interference patterns on the display are changed for each successive image frame. Changing the interference patterns for each image frame may result in the interference patterns being less detectable to a viewer. The change in pulse width for each image frame may be fixed or dynamic, and may be made in response to interference patterns being detected on the display.

An optical fiber fixing structure includes: a cylindrical member; an optical fiber inserted into a hole of the cylindrical member; and a fixing material configured to fix the cylindrical member and the optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is a polarization maintaining optical fiber having a polarization axis, and a center of the optical fiber is arranged so as to be eccentric to a center of the hole, and an angle formed by an eccentric direction connecting the center of the hole and the center of the optical fiber and the polarization axis is 22.5 to 22.5, or 67.5 to 112.5.