Systems and methods are described for providing a 3D display, such as a light-field display. In some embodiments, a display device includes a light-emitting layer that includes a plurality of separately-controllable pixels. A lens structure overlays the light-emitting layer. The lens structure includes an array of collimating optical elements. A phase-modifying layer is positioned between the light emitting layer and the lens structure. The pixels of the light emitting layer are used in generating spatial emission patterns that work in unison with the phase-modifying layer in order to generate beams of light through the collimating optical elements with extended focus depths. Multiple beams are used to generate voxels at various distances from the display surface with the correct eye convergence for the viewer. Beams with extended focus depths may be used to generate the correct eye retinal focus cues.

A light modulator of to this embodiment enables high-speed modulation to an SLM using a liquid crystal. The light modulator comprises refractive index regions arranged in a first direction on a reference plane, a region surrounding each refractive index regions and having a refractive index lower than that of each refractive index region, a first conductive film, and a second conductive film. The first conductive film is provided on any one of a pair of side surfaces arranged in the first direction in at least one refractive index region selected from the refractive index regions and belonging to a first group. The second conductive film is provided on any one of the pair of side surfaces so as not to overlap with the first conductive film in at least one refractive index region selected from the refractive index regions and belonging to a second group.

An optical element includes an electro-optic crystal having an isotropic crystal which belongs to a point group m3m of a cubic system and including an input surface to which input light is input and a rear surface which is a surface on the opposite side of the input surface; a first electrode disposed on the input surface; and a second electrode disposed on the rear surface. The input surface is located along at least one axis between axes obtained by rotating two crystal axes about one remaining crystal axis used as a rotation center at a predetermined angle in three crystal axes of the electro-optic crystal. A direction of an electric field to be induced by a voltage applied to a part between the first electrode and the second electrode is set in a propagation direction of the input light.

An optical waveplate is provided. The optical waveplate includes a plurality of liquid crystal (“LC”) layers stacked together. At least one of the plurality of LC layers includes LC molecules that are in-plane switchable by an external field to switch the optical waveplate between states of different phase retardances.

Provided is a light modulator including a substrate, and a resonator configured to modulate a phase of incident light by modulating a refractive index based on an external stimulus, the resonator comprising a first reflective structure provided on the substrate, a cavity layer provided on the first reflective structure, and a second reflective structure provided on the cavity layer, wherein at least one of the first reflective structure or the second reflective structure comprises first material layers, second material layers that are alternately stacked with the first material layers, and a third material layer, and wherein each of the first material layers has a first refractive index, each of the second material layers has a second refractive index that is different from the first refractive index, and the third material layer has a third refractive index that is different from the first refractive index

An optical phase shifter array includes: 1.sup.st˜n.sup.th optical-splitting elements, wherein each has an input end, a first output end and a second output end, and the input end of the 1.sup.st optical-splitting element receives an input light and outputs an evenly distributed optical signal to the optical-splitting element of the next stage, and n is a positive integer above 1; a plurality of first optical waveguides respectively connected to the input end of the optical-splitting element odd-numbered of the next stage and the first output end of the optical-splitting element of the previous stage; a plurality of second optical waveguides respectively connected to the input end of the optical-splitting-element even-numbered of the previous stage; and phase shifters of the 1.sup.st to the k.sup.th stage, which makes the optical signal passing through the optical waveguides produce a phase shift by heating or electro-optic effects.

An optical modulation device includes: a substrate which extends in one direction; an optical waveguide provided on the substrate in a longitudinal direction of the substrate; a half-wave plate; and a combining element which faces an end portion of the substrate and combines two types of linearly polarized light, which have vibration planes orthogonal to each other, to generate composite light, in which the optical waveguide modulates the linearly polarized light which propagates through an inside of the optical waveguide to generate first polarized light and second polarized light, which are linearly polarized light, the half-wave plate is provided at a position to which the second polarized light enters, the combining element includes a transparent base body, a first optical film provided on a first surface of the transparent base body, and a second optical film provided on a second surface which faces the first surface of the transparent base body, the first optical film transmits one of the first polarized light and the second polarized light, which is emitted through the half-wave plate, and reflects the other light, the second optical film reflects the one light, and the composite light is reflected in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction.

An apparatus includes a horn having a horn body including at least one horn sidewall defining a first opening that tapers down to a second opening in a direction of elongation and a port that is tubular and dimensionally uniform transverse to the direction of elongation and extends in the direction of elongation from a first port end that is in communication with the second opening to a second port end that defines an external opening. A dielectric rod includes a rod length extending between a first rod end and a second rod end with the first rod end extending through the external opening of the second port end and into the port cavity such that the first rod end is in a spaced apart relationship from the port sidewall along the light path.

The present disclosure discloses a display panel and a smart device. The display panel includes a first display area and a second display area adjacent to each other. Further, the display panel further includes a display substrate, a lens on the display substrate, and a transparent cover plate covering the lens and the display substrate. The display substrate includes a first display portion in the first display area and a second transparent portion in the second display area. The lens is configured to emit a part of the light from the first display portion from the second display area.

A device includes a polarization rotator configured to be switchable between operating in two switching states. The device also includes a controller configured to control the polarization rotator to switch between operating in the two switching states at a predetermined switching frequency, to thereby switch, a polarization of a component of an input light having an initial light intensity, between two orthogonal polarizations at the predetermined switching frequency. The device also includes a polarizer coupled with the polarization rotator, and configured to convert the input light transmitted through the polarization rotator into an output light having a light intensity reduced to a predetermined percentage of the initial light intensity of the input light.