A counter substrate for a liquid crystal device is provided and includes an insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing to the first surface, a first light shielding layer extending in a first direction and a second light shielding layer extending in a second direction crossing the first direction at the first surface side, wherein the first light shielding layer and the second light shielding layer are layered while contacting each other at a crossing part, the first light shielding layer contacts the first surface, and the second light shielding layer contacts the first surface in the part other than the crossing part.

An optical device includes a first outer substrate; a second outer substrate disposed opposite to the first outer substrate; and an active liquid crystal film or a polarizer, wherein the active liquid crystal film or the polarizer is encapsulated by an encapsulating agent between the first and second outer substrates and wherein a shrinkable film adjacent to any one of the first and second outer substrates is further included. The optical device is capable of varying transmittance. The optical device can be used for various applications such as an eyewear, for example, sunglasses or AR (augmented reality) or VR (virtual reality) eyewears, an outer wall of a building or a sunroof for a vehicle.

A transparent device for use in optical applications, and methods for using and manufacturing the device are disclosed. The device generally requires several layers, including (i) a first layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO)), (ii) a second layer comprising a transparent semiconductor (e.g., a pn-heterojunction or a pn-homojunction), the second layer having a surface facing the first layer, (iii) a third layer comprising a liquid crystal (such as E7), the third layer having a surface facing the second layer, and (iv) a fourth layer comprising either a second transparent conductive oxide or a second transparent semiconductor, the fourth layer having a surface facing the third layer. When light illuminates a surface of the transparent metal oxide pn-heterojunction or transparent metal oxide pn-homojunction, it induces photoconductivity, modifying the surface charges.

A liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a first polarizer plate, and a second polarizer plate. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first alignment film. The second electrode includes a plurality of slits and a conductive portion. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate and a second alignment film. The first substrate further includes a resin layer disposed between the second electrode and the first alignment film. The resin layer within the plurality of slits is as thick as or thicker than the second electrode. The plurality of slits are filled with the resin layer. A difference in height between the resin layer over the conductive portion of the second electrode and the resin layer within the plurality of slits of the second electrode is 10 nm or more.

The lighting device disclosed in the embodiment includes a substrate, a light emitting device disposed on a lower surface of the substrate, a reflective layer disposed to face a light emitting surface of the light emitting device, a first resin layer disposed between the substrate and the reflective layer, and a light-transmission control layer disposed on an upper surface of the substrate, wherein the light-transmission control layer may include a liquid crystal layer including a cholesteric liquid crystal, and light emitted through the light emitting surface of the light emitting device may be reflected by the reflective layer and be provided to the light-transmission control layer through the substrate.

A display panel is provided comprising a display surface and a non-display surface disposed opposite to the display surface, the display panel comprises a first display area, a second display area, and a photosensitive component. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is disposed in the second display area, wherein the photosensitive component is disposed on a side of the non-display surface of the display panel is disposed corresponding to the second display area.

A display panel is provided comprising a display surface and a non-display surface disposed opposite to the display surface, the display panel comprises a first display area, a second display area, and a photosensitive component. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal film is disposed in the second display area, wherein the photosensitive component is disposed on a side of the non-display surface of the display panel is disposed corresponding to the second display area.

An apparatus and a method for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing involve a multiple-chamber design achieving a high efficiency and throughput. The multiple-chamber design features concurrent printing of one or more print jobs inside one or more build chambers, side removals of printed objects from build chambers allowing quick exchanges of powdered materials, and capabilities of elevated process temperature controls of build chambers and post processing heat treatments of printed objects. The multiple-chamber design also includes a height-adjustable optical assembly in combination with a fixed build platform method suitable for large and heavy printed objects. A side removal mechanism of the build chambers of the apparatus improves handling and efficiency for printing large and heavy objects. Use of a wide range of sensors in the apparatus and by the method allows various feedback to improve quality, manufacturing throughput, and energy efficiency.

An apparatus and a method for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing involve a multiple-chamber design achieving a high efficiency and throughput. The multiple-chamber design features concurrent printing of one or more print jobs inside one or more build chambers, side removals of printed objects from build chambers allowing quick exchanges of powdered materials, and capabilities of elevated process temperature controls of build chambers and post processing heat treatments of printed objects. The multiple-chamber design also includes a height-adjustable optical assembly in combination with a fixed build platform method suitable for large and heavy printed objects. A side removal mechanism of the build chambers of the apparatus improves handling and efficiency for printing large and heavy objects. Use of a wide range of sensors in the apparatus and by the method allows various feedback to improve quality, manufacturing throughput, and energy efficiency.

A sensing display apparatus includes a pixel array substrate, a sensing device substrate, and a display medium layer. The sensing device substrate includes a first substrate, a sensing device, first to third signal lines, and a shielding layer. The sensing device includes a first switching element electrically connected with the first and second signal lines, an electrically conductive layer electrically connected with the third signal line, an electrode layer electrically connected with the first switching element and a photo-sensitive layer disposed between the electrically conductive layer and the electrode layer. The shielding layer is disposed between the first to third signal lines and the pixel array substrate. The sensing display apparatus has light transmitting regions and a light shielding region surrounding the light transmitting regions. The sensing device and the first to third signal lines are disposed in the light shielding region.