A device may include a high-side electrode layer comprising a plurality of discrete electrodes. A device may include a low-side electrode layer. A device may include an electro-optic (EO) layer comprising a solid EO active material at least partially interposed between the high-side electrode layer and the low-side electrode layer, thereby forming a plurality of active cells of the EO layer. A device may include a controller, comprising: a steering request circuit structured to interpret a steering request value, a steering configuration circuit structured to determine a plurality of EO command values in response to the steering request value; and a steering implementation circuit structured to provide a plurality of voltage commands in response to the plurality of EO command values.

A one-way glass with switching modes includes an absorbing layer located on a weak light side, a reflecting layer located on an intense light side, and a converting layer stacked between the absorbing layer and the reflecting layer. The absorbing layer absorbs first polarized light and allows second polarized light to pass through. The reflecting layer reflects the first polarized light and allows the second polarized light to pass through. Unpolarized light incident from the weak light side or from the intense light side is respectively converted into the polarized light. During the process of gradually adjusting the converting layer from a twisted state to a vertical state, rotated angles of polarization directions of the first polarized light and the second polarized light gradually decrease.

A light modulation element that can vary between a bright transparent mode and a dark scattering mode is provided. The light modulation element has a first light modulation layer and a second light modulation layer comprising nematic liquid crystals and a dichroic dye in a scattering mode when a voltage is applied. The first light modulation layer and the second light modulation layer are disposed to overlap each other. The light modulation element has an improved contrast ratio and haze-variable characteristics, without precipitation of dichroic dyes and an increase in power consumption.

A display device includes a waveguide, an array of tunable retarders in contact with the waveguide, and a polarization selective optical element. A respective tunable retarder of the array of tunable retarders receives light from the waveguide. The respective tunable retarder has a first state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a first polarization in a first direction and a second state, which causes the respective tunable retarder to direct light having a second polarization that is distinct from the second polarization in the first direction. The polarization selective optical element is located adjacent to the array of tunable retarders so that the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a second direction and the light having the second polarization propagates from the polarization selective optical element in a third direction distinct from the second direction.

Systems and methods for tracking the position of a head-mounted display (HMD) system component. The HMD component may carry a plurality of angle sensitive detectors that are able to detect the angle of light emitted from a light source. The HMD component may include one or more scatter detectors that detect whether light has been scattered or reflected, so such light can be ignored. Control circuitry causes light sources to emit light according a specified pattern, and receives sensor data from the plurality of angle sensitive detectors. The processor may process the sensor data and scatter detector data, for example using machine learning or other techniques, to track a position of the HMD component. An angle sensitive detector may include a spatially-varying polarizer having a position-varying polarizing pattern and one or more polarizer layers that together are operative to detect the angle of impinging light.

An optical focus control and method use rotations of a set of shift-invariant optical elements (Risley elements) that are fairly tolerant to optical misalignments and wobble in control systems. The Risley elements can be Risley prisms, Risley gratings, or photonic crystals that impart a fixed angular offset. Aligning at least one pair of Risley elements that are individually rotated can achieve an angular correct to light received off-axis for better detection by an optical detector, improving focus control.

An optical focus control and method use rotations of a set of shift-invariant optical elements (Risley elements) that are fairly tolerant to optical misalignments and wobble in control systems. The Risley elements can be Risley prisms, Risley gratings, or photonic crystals that impart a fixed angular offset. Aligning at least one pair of Risley elements that are individually rotated can achieve an angular correct to light received off-axis for better detection by an optical detector, improving focus control.

A touch panel and a touch display device are provided. The touch panel includes a display module and a package cover plate. The display module includes a display screen and a first polarizer placed on a side of the display screen. A first frame glue is placed between the package cover plate and the display module, and the first frame glue, the package cover plate and the display module form a cavity. A first liquid crystal is filled in the cavity. The first liquid crystal includes a plurality of first liquid crystal molecules, and orthogonal projections of light axes of some of the first liquid crystal molecules intersect a polarization direction of the first polarizer.

A head-mounted apparatus include an eyepiece that include a variable dimming assembly and a frame mounting the eyepiece so that a user side of the eyepiece faces a towards a user and a world side of the eyepiece opposite the first side faces away from the user. The dynamic dimming assembly selectively modulates an intensity of light transmitted parallel to an optical axis from the world side to the user side during operation. The dynamic dimming assembly includes a variable birefringence cell having multiple pixels each having an independently variable birefringence, a first linear polarizer arranged on the user side of the variable birefringence cell, the first linear polarizer being configured to transmit light propagating parallel to the optical axis linearly polarized along a pass axis of the first linear polarizer orthogonal to the optical axis, a quarter wave plate arranged between the variable birefringence cell and the first linear polarizer, a fast axis of the quarter wave plate being arranged relative to the pass axis of the first linear polarizer to transform linearly polarized light transmitted by the first linear polarizer into circularly polarized light, and a second linear polarizer on the world side of the variable birefringence cell.

An electronic device and a vehicle using the same are provided. The electronic device includes a display panel. The display panel is switched between a share mode and a privacy mode. In the privacy mode, a first light emission brightness measured at a first viewing angle is lower than a second light emission brightness measured at a normal line of the display panel, and a third light emission brightness measured at a second viewing angle is higher than the second light emission brightness.