A transmittance-variable device, a driving method thereof, a method for improving a light shielding ratio therein, and a use thereof are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a transmittance-variable device includes a transmittance-variable film capable of switching between a transparent mode and a black mode depending on application of a voltage signal; and a power source for applying a voltage signal having a frequency of 30 Hz or less to implement the black mode, wherein the transmittance-variable film comprises a first electrode substrate, an electrophoretic layer, and a second electrode substrate sequentially arranged. The transmittance-variable device can exhibit an excellent light shielding ratio in the black mode after driving with a voltage signal, and such a transmittance-variable device can be usefully used in a smart window.

An electrophoretic medium is disclosed comprising four types of particles. The first type of particles has a first charge polarity. The second and third types of particles have a second charge polarity that is opposite to the first charge polarity. The electrophoretic medium further comprises, a first charge control agent, and a second charge control agent, the molecular structure of the first charge control agent including a quaternary ammonium group and a non-polar tail and the molecular structure of the second charge control agent including two or more polar groups, and a non-polar tail.

An electrophoretic medium is disclosed comprising four types of particles. The first type of particles has a first charge polarity. The second and third types of particles have a second charge polarity that is opposite to the first charge polarity. The electrophoretic medium further comprises, a first charge control agent, and a second charge control agent, the molecular structure of the first charge control agent including a quaternary ammonium group and a non-polar tail and the molecular structure of the second charge control agent including two or more polar groups, and a non-polar tail.

An optical path control device can include a first substrate having a first electrode disposed thereon, a second substrate disposed on the first substrate and having a second electrode disposed thereon, and a light conversion layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and including a partition portion and a containing portion including suspended particles, where the partition portion and the containing portion are alternately disposed. The optical path control device can further include an adhesive layer disposed between the first substrate and the light conversion layer, a sealing portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and surrounding the light conversion layer, and a dam portion disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and disposed on an outside of the sealing portion.

The color electrophoretic display includes a display region, a pixel array, a display medium layer, and a color filter array. The display region includes multiple sub-pixel regions. The pixel array corresponds to the display region in position. The display medium layer is located on the pixel array. The color filter array is located on the display medium layer. The color filter array includes multiple color resists. A portion of the color resists include a first pixel fill factor, another portion of the color resists include a second pixel fill factor, the second pixel fill factor is smaller than the first pixel fill factor, and the first pixel fill factor and the second pixel fill factor are smaller than 60%.

The color electrophoretic display includes a display region, a pixel array, a display medium layer, and a color filter array. The display region includes multiple sub-pixel regions. The pixel array corresponds to the display region in position. The display medium layer is located on the pixel array. The color filter array is located on the display medium layer. The color filter array includes multiple color resists. A portion of the color resists include a first pixel fill factor, another portion of the color resists include a second pixel fill factor, the second pixel fill factor is smaller than the first pixel fill factor, and the first pixel fill factor and the second pixel fill factor are smaller than 60%.

An electrokinetic device is configured as a dynamic lens cover and/or filter for an imaging assembly, e.g., of a mobile device, to selectively allow electromagnetic radiation to pass through a lens of the imaging assembly when the dynamic lens cover is in a first operating state or to prevent electromagnetic radiation from reaching the lens of the imaging assembly when the dynamic lens cover is in a second operating state. The electrokinetic device includes transparent first and second substrates, and a compaction trench surrounding the lens of the imaging assembly. The compaction trench stores pigment when the dynamic lens cover is in the first operating state. In the second operating state pigment is dispersed within a carrier fluid between the first and second substrates.

A system for simplified driving of electrophoretic media using a positive and a negative voltage source, where the voltage sources have different magnitudes, and a controller that cycles the top electrode between the two voltage sources and ground while coordinating driving at least two drive electrodes opposed to the top electrode. The resulting system can achieve roughly the same color states as compared to supplying each drive electrode with six independent drive levels and ground. Thus, the system simplifies the required electronics with only marginal loss in color gamut. The system is particularly useful for addressing an electrophoretic medium including four sets of different particles, e.g., wherein three of the particles are colored and subtractive and one of the particles is light-scattering.

A system for simplified driving of electrophoretic media using a positive and a negative voltage source, where the voltage sources have different magnitudes, and a controller that cycles the top electrode between the two voltage sources and ground while coordinating driving at least two drive electrodes opposed to the top electrode. The resulting system can achieve roughly the same color states as compared to supplying each drive electrode with six independent drive levels and ground. Thus, the system simplifies the required electronics with only marginal loss in color gamut. The system is particularly useful for addressing an electrophoretic medium including four sets of different particles, e.g., wherein three of the particles are colored and subtractive and one of the particles is light-scattering.

The present invention is directed to a flexible controlled release film for delivering a medicinal or cosmetic agent, e.g., through the skin of a subject, which delivery system comprises (a) a microembossed flexible film including microcells; (b) a liquid composition filled in the microcells wherein said liquid composition comprises the medicinal or cosmetic agent; and (c) a flexible sealing layer to enclose the liquid composition within the microcells.