A method for making electrophoretic displays layers including various thin films that are deposited directly onto a layer of microcapsules of electrophoretic media. In an embodiment, a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material is deposited to create a clear front electrode for an electrophoretic display. In some embodiments, both a dielectric layer and a thin film of a light-transmissive conductive material will be deposited onto the microcapsules.

In an electro-optical device, a first opening and a second opening are provided in an interlayer insulating layer provided in a layer between a transistor and a scanning line, with a semiconductor layer interposed between the first opening and the second opening in plan view. A portion of a gate electrode is provided inside the first opening, and the gate electrode is electrically connected to the scanning line via the first opening. The second opening does not overlap with the gate electrode, and a portion of a first capacitance electrode of a capacitance element is provided in the second opening, the first capacitance electrode having light shielding properties. Therefore, the width of the scanning line can be made narrower than in a case in which the gate electrode and the scanning line are electrically connected to each other via both the first opening and the second opening.

A waterproof display apparatus includes a bottom waterproof structure, a plurality of driving substrates, a panel laminate (FPL) and a top waterproof structure. The bottom waterproof structure has a first edge. The driving substrates are disposed on the bottom waterproof structure and defining a gap between adjacent driving substrates. The gap has opposite top and bottom portions. The FPL covers the driving substrates and includes a display medium layer therein. The top waterproof structure covers the FPL and has a second edge. The first and second edges are joined in a waterproof manner. The bottom portion of the gap is sealed by the bottom waterproof structure, and the top portion of the gap is sealed by the FPL or the top waterproof structure such that the gap is empty.

A waterproof display apparatus includes a bottom waterproof structure, a plurality of driving substrates, a panel laminate (FPL) and a top waterproof structure. The bottom waterproof structure has a first edge. The driving substrates are disposed on the bottom waterproof structure and defining a gap between adjacent driving substrates. The gap has opposite top and bottom portions. The FPL covers the driving substrates and includes a display medium layer therein. The top waterproof structure covers the FPL and has a second edge. The first and second edges are joined in a waterproof manner. The bottom portion of the gap is sealed by the bottom waterproof structure, and the top portion of the gap is sealed by the FPL or the top waterproof structure such that the gap is empty.

An e-paper assembly includes a charge-responsive, re-writable media layer and an airborne-charge receiving layer disposed on the first side of the media layer. A moisture vapor barrier is interposed between the airborne-charge receiving layer and a first side of the charge-responsive media layer, with the moisture vapor barrier including an inorganic material.

A passive e-paper assembly includes a charge-transmissible moisture vapor barrier comprising a flexible inorganic material, a charge-responsive, re-writable media layer, and a first adhesion-promoting layer interposed between the moisture vapor barrier and a first side of the charge-responsive media layer.

A cover plate structure includes a first light transmitting layer, a second light transmitting layer, and a light shielding layer. The first light transmitting layer includes a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The second light transmitting layer is on the top surface of the first light transmitting layer. A refractive index of the first light transmitting layer is greater than a refractive index of the second light transmitting layer. The light shielding layer is on the bottom surface of the first light transmitting layer.

A cover plate structure includes a first light transmitting layer, a second light transmitting layer, and a light shielding layer. The first light transmitting layer includes a top surface and a bottom surface opposite the top surface. The second light transmitting layer is on the top surface of the first light transmitting layer. A refractive index of the first light transmitting layer is greater than a refractive index of the second light transmitting layer. The light shielding layer is on the bottom surface of the first light transmitting layer.

A display device includes a protective film, a display panel, and a conductive film package. The protective film has a first area, a second area, and a third area positioned between the first area and the second area. The display panel is disposed in the first area and the third area on the protective film. The conductive film package is disposed on the display panel, and is in contact with the protective film positioned in the second area. In this manner, a defect of the substrate included in the display panel and a defective adhesion between the conductive film package and the display panel may be avoided.

A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.