According to an aspect, a substrate includes an insulating base material, a pixel electrode provided on one surface side of the base material, a common electrode provided between the base material and the pixel electrode. All sides on an outer periphery of the common electrode are located inside the pixel electrode in a plan view.

A display device includes a viewing angle controlling film includes a first base material, a first electrode disposed on the first base material; a transparent resin layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a plurality of accommodating units; a second electrode disposed on the transparent resin layer; and a second base material disposed on the second electrode, and an ink including a charged hollow carbon black and a solvent is accommodated in each of the plurality of accommodating units, thus the viewing angle controlling film has an excellent dispersion stability and the settling of the particles due to the gravity is suppressed to improve a driving characteristic.

A display device includes a viewing angle controlling film includes a first base material, a first electrode disposed on the first base material; a transparent resin layer which is disposed on the first electrode and has a plurality of accommodating units; a second electrode disposed on the transparent resin layer; and a second base material disposed on the second electrode, and an ink including a charged hollow carbon black and a solvent is accommodated in each of the plurality of accommodating units, thus the viewing angle controlling film has an excellent dispersion stability and the settling of the particles due to the gravity is suppressed to improve a driving characteristic.

An airborne-charge receiving layer of a passive electronic paper assembly comprises a first side and opposite second side to be in contact with a charge-responsive media layer. The airborne-charge receiving layer comprises a first material to minimize triboelectric charge transfer at an external surface of the first side of the airborne-charge receiving layer.

Electrophoretic display modules including various types of backplane and edge seals for protecting electro-optic displays against environmental contaminants are described. In particular, the disclosed module designs allow for very narrow edge seals, i.e., less than 1 mm in thickness. In one type of seal, the electro-optic layer is sandwiched between a backplane and a protective sheet and a sealing material extends between the backplane and the protective sheet. In some instances, the protective sheet includes several layers of transparent materials to provide physical protection and reduce the ingress of water.

Electrophoretic display modules including various types of backplane and edge seals for protecting electro-optic displays against environmental contaminants are described. In particular, the disclosed module designs allow for very narrow edge seals, i.e., less than 1 mm in thickness. In one type of seal, the electro-optic layer is sandwiched between a backplane and a protective sheet and a sealing material extends between the backplane and the protective sheet. In some instances, the protective sheet includes several layers of transparent materials to provide physical protection and reduce the ingress of water.

A louver film display structure, including: a first and a second electrode; a plurality of louver structures extending between the first and the second electrodes light transmissive elements positioned between adjacent louver structures of the plurality of louver structures, wherein: when a first voltage level is applied to the first and the second electrodes, the louver structures provide a first viewing angle of each unit area of light of each light transmissive element based on a first state of the louver structures, and when a second voltage level is applied to the first and the second electrodes, the louver structures provide a second viewing angle of each unit area of light of each light transmissive element based on a second state of the louver structures, wherein the first voltage level is greater than the second voltage level and the second viewing angle is greater than the first viewing angle.

The present invention provides an electrophoresis device with improved abnormality detection capability. The electrophoresis device according to the present invention includes a flow passage with which a phoresis medium is filled, a first and second electrodes disposed at respectively a cathode side and an anode side of the flow passage, a power supply for applying voltage across the first and second electrodes, a pump for feeding the phoresis medium to the flow passage, and a control section. The control section executes operations including filling the flow passage with the phoresis medium, executing electrophoresis of a sample, and applying voltage to the first and second electrodes prior to the sample electrophoresis to determine a state of a current path based on a value of current flowing through the current path. The control section applies voltage to the current path for 20 seconds or longer in the determine step.

The present invention provides an electrophoresis device with improved abnormality detection capability. The electrophoresis device according to the present invention includes a flow passage with which a phoresis medium is filled, a first and second electrodes disposed at respectively a cathode side and an anode side of the flow passage, a power supply for applying voltage across the first and second electrodes, a pump for feeding the phoresis medium to the flow passage, and a control section. The control section executes operations including filling the flow passage with the phoresis medium, executing electrophoresis of a sample, and applying voltage to the first and second electrodes prior to the sample electrophoresis to determine a state of a current path based on a value of current flowing through the current path. The control section applies voltage to the current path for 20 seconds or longer in the determine step.

The present disclosure provides a display substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a display apparatus, and relates to the field of display technology. The manufacturing method of a display substrate includes providing a base substrate, and forming pixels on the base substrate, wherein the forming pixels includes: forming a first auxiliary electrode on the base substrate; forming a first interlayer insulating layer on a side of the first auxiliary electrode away from the base substrate; sequentially forming a second conductive film and a first photoresist layer, exposing the first photoresist layer with a mask plate having regions of different light transmittances by controlling exposure time based on requirements on an operating frequency band of the pixels, to form a source electrode and a drain electrode of the thin film transistor and a second auxiliary electrode, forming a second interlayer insulating layer; and forming a pixel electrode.