An optical modulator includes: an optical modulation element which includes signal electrodes; lead pins; and a relay substrate in which a conductor pattern which electrically connects each of the lead pins and each of the signal electrodes to each other are formed, and the optical modulator is configured such that the amount of radiation of a high frequency at a connection portion between the conductor pattern and the signal electrode is increased compared to a portion other than the connection portion.

An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is disclosed comprising an electronically tunable filter for transposing narrow pass band characteristics of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter to a microwave frequency to provide mode selection in the OEO. An OEO is disclosed comprising a set of optical domain components, a downconverter in communication with an output of the optical domain components, and a set of radio frequency (RF) domain components in communication with an output of the downconverter. The set of RF domain components comprises a tunable filter operating at a filter center frequency and having an output coupled to the set of optical domain components for communicating a mode selection result. The tunable filter including a tuner; and a sub-filter. The sub-filter operating at a fixed center frequency to provide mode selection and adjacent mode suppression with respect to the tunable filter center frequency. The sub-filter center frequency being lower than the tunable filter center frequency, and a ratio of the tunable filter center frequency to a bandwidth of the sub-filter being at least 1000:1.

To autonomously apply a bias voltage to an optical modulator according to phase angle information provided from outside in a pluggable optical module. A pluggable electric connector (11) can communicate a communication data signal and a control signal with an optical communication apparatus (92). An optical signal output unit (13) includes a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator including a phase modulation area and outputs an optical modulation signal (LS) modulated according to the communication data signal. An optical power control unit (14) can control optical power of the optical modulation signal (LS). A pluggable optical receptor (15) can output the optical modulation signal (LS) to an optical fiber (91). A control unit (12) controls a modulation operation of the optical signal output unit (13) and the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area. The control unit (12) determines the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area according to phase angle information of the control signal (CON1). The optical signal output unit (13) applies the bias voltage determined by the control unit (12) to the phase modulation area.

An optical module includes a substrate with a plurality of pairs, which are parallel to each other, spaced in a width direction of the substrate, of optical waveguides formed thereon, each pair being made up of a first optical waveguide that guides a first beam and a second optical waveguide that guides a second beam that monitors the first beam, and a lens that has an incident surface facing at least one pair of the plurality of pairs, collimates, for each of the at least one pair, the first and second beams that emerge from the pair and that differ from each other in at least any one of their incident positions and incident directions on the incident surface, and directs the first and second beams having been collimated and leaving the lens in different directions that depend on the incident positions or the incident directions.

An optical voltage probe includes: an optical modulator 1 having two modulation electrodes 11 and 12, the optical modulator 1 being configured to modulate an intensity of an incident light depending on a voltage between the two modulation electrodes and output the incident light which is modulated; an input/output optical fiber 2 connected with the optical modulator 1; two contact terminal attachment portions 5, 6 to which contact terminals 3, 4 can be detachably attached and contacted, the two contact terminals 3, 4 being configured to be in contact with the points to be measured, the two contact terminal attachment portions 5, 6 being respectively connected with the modulation electrodes 11, 12; and a package 8 that houses the optical modulator 1 and a part of the input/output optical fiber 2. A voltage signal induced via the contact terminals 3, 4 is converted into an optical intensity modulation signal. When an electric wave having a measurement frequency is applied while the contact terminal attachment portions 5, 6 are opened, the package 8 exhibits a shielding effect of attenuating the electric wave by 15 dB or more compared to an output signal intensity measured without providing the package.

To autonomously apply a bias voltage to an optical modulator according to phase angle information provided from outside in a pluggable optical module. A pluggable electric connector (11) can communicate a communication data signal and a control signal with an optical communication apparatus (92). An optical signal output unit (13) includes a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator including a phase modulation area and outputs an optical modulation signal (LS) modulated according to the communication data signal. An optical power control unit (14) can control optical power of the optical modulation signal (LS). A pluggable optical receptor (15) can output the optical modulation signal (LS) to an optical fiber (91). A control unit (12) controls a modulation operation of the optical signal output unit (13) and the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area. The control unit (12) determines the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area according to phase angle information of the control signal (CON1). The optical signal output unit (13) applies the bias voltage determined by the control unit (12) to the phase modulation area.

Disclosed is a system for generating short or ultra-short light pulses, including a light source configured to emit temporally continuous-wave light radiation, an electrical generator configured to operate at a tunable frequency in a passband included between 5 and 100 GHz and to emit an analogue modulating electrical signal including at least one electrical pulse of duration included between 10 ps and 100 ps, and an electro-optical modulator having electrodes and an electrical passband that are suitable for receiving the analog modulating electrical signal, the electro-optical modulator being configured to optically amplitude modulate the continuous-wave light radiation depending of the analog modulating electrical signal and to generate modulated light radiation including at least one light pulse of duration included between 10 ps and 100 ps.

An ophthalmic imaging apparatus that captures a tomographic image of an subject's eye based on light obtained by combining a return light with a reference light, the return light being from the subject's eye when irradiated with a measurement light, the reference light corresponding to the measurement light includes a first optical fiber disposed in an optical path of the reference light and including a light guide portion for guiding the reference light, and a second optical fiber disposed in an optical path of the measurement light and including a light guide portion for guiding the measurement light, wherein a diameter of each of the light guide portions of ejection ends of the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber is larger than a diameter of a light guide portion in a position different from a position of each of the ejection ends.

A pluggable electric connector can communicate a communication data signal and a control signal with an optical communication apparatus. An optical signal output unit includes a Mach-Zehnder type optical modulator including a phase modulation area and outputs an optical modulation signal modulated according to the communication data signal. An optical power control unit can control optical power of the optical modulation signal. A pluggable optical receptor can output the optical modulation signal to an optical fiber. A control unit controls a modulation operation of the optical signal output unit and the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area. The control unit determines the bias voltage applied to the phase modulation area according to phase angle information of the control signal. The optical signal output unit applies the bias voltage determined by the control unit to the phase modulation area.

An optical device has an optical modulator element and an optical receiver element. The optical modulator element includes a first optical waveguide extending to a first end face, a first inter-element waveguide extending to a second end face, and an optical modulator including an electro-optic material. The optical receiver element includes a second optical waveguide extending to a third end face, a second inter-element waveguide extending to a fourth end face, an optical receiver, and a polarization element. In the optical device, the first inter-element waveguide and the second inter-element waveguide have been connected to each other by being butted against each other.