The present invention provides a projection display system having a three-dimensional convex display surface, such as a spherical or hemispherical display surface, in which the condenser lens before the optical modulating device may have a reduced focal distance for focusing the light more tightly on the optical modulating device, so as to illuminate only the center portion of the optical modulating device. Alternatively, the projection display system may have a square light pipe or any shaped light pipe in the optics in order concentrate the light to illuminate only a center portion of the optical modulating device or devices. The light pipe may be at least one of a round shape, pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, an octagonal shape, etc.

Dual or multi-modulation display systems are disclosed that comprise projector systems with at least one modulator that may employ non-mechanical beam steering modulation. Many embodiments disclosed herein employ a non-mechanical beam steering and/or polarizer to provide for a highlights modulator.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver configured to supply drive electric current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode, a control unit configured to control the discharge lamp driver, and a storage unit configured to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive electric current. The control unit is configured to select one drive pattern from among the plurality of drive patterns based on machine learning, and implement the selected drive pattern. The control unit performs a first control that increases a drive electric power supplied to the discharge lamp according to an increase in an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp, in a case where the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or larger than a first voltage value and the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or lower than a second voltage value higher than the first voltage value.

The xenon lamp for a projector, the xenon lamp comprises a light-emitting tube and an anode and a cathode that are arranged inside the light-emitting tube so as to face each other through a gap in a first direction, the anode including: a body part and a chip part whose cross-sectional area cut along a first plane orthogonal to the first direction is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the body part, the chip part including: a first part joined to the body part, the first part protruding toward the cathode and having a tapered shape; and a second part joined to the first part, the second part protruding toward the cathode and having a shape such that an angle of inclination of an outer profile of the second part differs from an angle of inclination of an outer profile of the first part.

A projector includes a light source, light modulation device, first driver, and second driver. The first driver is configured to drive the light modulation device to alternately provide a first polarity period and a second polarity period. The second driver is configured to drive the light source so that timings of switching related to a drive current coincide between the first polarity period and the second polarity period. The timings of switching are different from each other between a first period and a second period. The first period contains one first polarity period and one second polarity period adjacent to the one first polarity period. The second period is adjacent to the first period and contains another first polarity period than the one first polarity period and another second polarity period than the one second polarity period. The another second polarity period is adjacent to the another first polarity period.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver adapted to supply a drive current to a discharge lamp, a control section adapted to control the discharge lamp driver, and a storage section adapted to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive current. Each of the drive patterns has a plurality of drive parameters. The plurality of drive patterns includes a first drive pattern and a second drive pattern different from each other in a value of at least one of the plurality of drive parameters. The control section is configured to execute the first drive pattern and the second drive pattern in accordance with at least one of accumulated lighting time of the discharge lamp and an individual of the discharge lamp in a case in which an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp is at a predetermined voltage value.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver configured to supply drive electric current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode, a control unit configured to control the discharge lamp driver, and a storage unit configured to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive electric current. The control unit is configured to select one drive pattern from among the plurality of drive patterns based on machine learning, and implement the selected drive pattern. The control unit performs a first control that increases a drive electric power supplied to the discharge lamp according to an increase in an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp, in a case where the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or larger than a first voltage value and the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or lower than a second voltage value higher than the first voltage value.

A discharge lamp drive device includes a discharge lamp driver configured to supply drive electric current to a discharge lamp having a first electrode and a second electrode, a control unit configured to control the discharge lamp driver; and a storage unit configured to store a plurality of drive patterns of the drive electric current. The control unit is configured to select one drive pattern from among the plurality of drive patterns based on machine learning, and implement the selected drive pattern. The control unit is configured to adjust a drive electric power supplied to the discharge lamp based on illumination level information relating to an illumination level of the discharge lamp, while performing switching among the drive patterns based on the machine learning, in a case where an inter-electrode voltage of the discharge lamp is larger than a given voltage value.

A discharge lamp driving device includes a discharge lamp driving section configured to supply a driving current to a discharge lamp, a control section configured to control the discharge lamp driving section, and a voltage detecting section configured to detect an inter-electrode voltage. The control section supplies a driving current including a first alternating current when the inter-electrode voltage is equal to or higher than a first voltage, supplies a driving current including a second alternating current having a frequency which is lower than a frequency of the first alternating current when the inter-electrode voltage is lower than the first voltage and equal to or higher than a second voltage lower than the first voltage, and supplies a driving current including a third alternating current having a frequency which is higher than the frequency of the first alternating current when the inter-electrode voltage is lower than the second voltage.

In a discharge lamp driver, a control section is configured to alternately repeat a first period in which an AC current is supplied and a second period in which a DC current is supplied, and when a first drive power lower than a rated power of the discharge lamp is supplied and an accumulated lighting time of the discharge lamp is shorter than a predetermined time, the control section is configured to set the length of the first period to be greater than that in a case where the first drive power is supplied and the accumulated lighting time is equal to or longer than the predetermined time, and set the frequency of the AC current during the first period to be higher than that in the case where the first drive power is supplied and the accumulated lighting time is equal to or longer than the predetermined time.