An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, and an inorganic surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein a layer constituting an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer contains from 30% by weight to 70% by weight of silica particles and contains a biphenyl copolymerization type polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by the formula (PCA) and a structural unit represented by the formula (PCB) at a copolymerization ratio (PCA:PCB (molar ratio)) of 10:90 to 50:50:

##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.P1, R.sup.P2, R.sup.P3, and R.sup.P4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and X.sup.P1 represents a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, an alkylene group, or a cycloalkylene group.

A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a change region in which a ratio of the number of carbon atoms with respect to the sum of the number of silicon atoms and the number of carbon atoms gradually increases toward a surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member from a photoconductive layer side, wherein the change region has an upper charge injection prohibiting portion containing a Group 13 atom, and a surface-side portion which is positioned closer to the surface side of the electrophotographic photosensitive member than the upper charge injection prohibiting portion and does not contain the Group 13 atom, and the distribution of the Group 13 atom in a boundary portion between the surface-side portion and the upper charge injection prohibiting portion is precipitous.

An electrophotographic apparatus including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a developing unit, which includes a toner, and which is configured to develop an electrostatic latent image with the toner to form a toner image on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and a cleaning unit configured to remove a residual toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the toner image is transferred from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member onto a transfer material, wherein the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed of amorphous silicon carbide, wherein a Si atom density in a region in the vicinity of the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member from the surface to a depth of 100 nm is 1.010.sup.22 atoms/cm.sup.3 or less, and wherein the toner contains a toner particle that contains a polyester resin having a polyethylene terephthalate segment and an inorganic fine particle.

Provided is an electrophotographic apparatus including: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charging unit; an exposing unit; and a developing unit, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a monolayer type photosensitive layer containing a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material, and a first binder resin, wherein the photosensitive layer contains, as the first binder resin, a polyester resin having specific structural units, wherein the developing unit is a developing roller including a shaft body, an elastic layer arranged on an outer periphery of the shaft body, and a coating layer arranged on an outer periphery of the elastic layer, and wherein the coating layer contains a second binder resin and a silica particle.