Provided are an electrophotographic photoconductor being resistant to abrasion even in long-term use, having highly sensitive electric characteristics, being capable of maintaining a high retention rate, and being capable of providing a stable image without filming, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electrophotographic device. The photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate (1), a charge generation layer (3), and a charge transport layer (4); the charge transport layer contains a hole transport material, a resin binder, an electron transport material, and an inorganic oxide; the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material; the masses of the hole transport material, the resin binder, the electron transport material, and the inorganic oxide in the charge transport layer respectively denoted by a to d satisfy 1.5≤b/a≤5.7, 0.005≤c/a≤0.35, 0.05≤d/a≤0.70, a≥c+d, and c/d≥0.01; the hole transport material contains a compound expressed by formula (A-1); and the charge generation material contains titanyl phthalocyanine having an exothermic peak at 251±5° C., a half-value width of the exothermic peak equal to or less than 15° C., and a heating value equal to or greater than 1.0 mJ/mg when a temperature rise condition is 20° C./min in differential scanning calorimetry, and having an X-ray diffraction peak at 27.2±0.3°. ##STR00001##

Provided are an electrophotographic photoconductor being resistant to abrasion even in long-term use, having highly sensitive electric characteristics, being capable of maintaining a high retention rate, and being capable of providing a stable image without filming, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electrophotographic device. The photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate (1), a charge generation layer (3), and a charge transport layer (4); the charge transport layer contains a hole transport material, a resin binder, an electron transport material, and an inorganic oxide; the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material; the masses of the hole transport material, the resin binder, the electron transport material, and the inorganic oxide in the charge transport layer respectively denoted by a to d satisfy 1.5≤b/a≤5.7, 0.005≤c/a≤0.35, 0.05≤d/a≤0.70, a≥c+d, and c/d≥0.01; the hole transport material contains a compound expressed by formula (A-1); and the charge generation material contains titanyl phthalocyanine having an exothermic peak at 251±5° C., a half-value width of the exothermic peak equal to or less than 15° C., and a heating value equal to or greater than 1.0 mJ/mg when a temperature rise condition is 20° C./min in differential scanning calorimetry, and having an X-ray diffraction peak at 27.2±0.3°. ##STR00001##

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer in the stated order, wherein with regard to an S.sub.0, an S.sub.1, an S.sub.2, an S.sub.3, and an S.sub.4 determined by a specific procedure (A), a ratio S.sub.1/S.sub.0 is 0.34 or less, and one of the S.sub.2, the S.sub.3, or the S.sub.4 is a positive value, and the other two thereof are negative values, or two thereof are positive values, and the other one thereof is a negative value.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer in the stated order, wherein with regard to an S.sub.0, an S.sub.1, an S.sub.2, an S.sub.3, and an S.sub.4 determined by a specific procedure (A), a ratio S.sub.1/S.sub.0 is 0.34 or less, and one of the S.sub.2, the S.sub.3, or the S.sub.4 is a positive value, and the other two thereof are negative values, or two thereof are positive values, and the other one thereof is a negative value.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a cured product of a composition containing at least one selected from the group consisting of: a charge-transportable compound; and electroconductive particles, and an organic salt having a polymerizable functional group, and wherein the organic salt is formed of an organic cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of: an organic anion; and an inorganic anion.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a cured product of a composition containing at least one selected from the group consisting of: a charge-transportable compound; and electroconductive particles, and an organic salt having a polymerizable functional group, and wherein the organic salt is formed of an organic cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of: an organic anion; and an inorganic anion.

This electrophotographic photoreceptor includes at least a laminated photoreceptive layer, in which a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer are laminated in this order on a conductive base. The charge transporting layer contains at least a charge transporting substance, a binder resin, and silica particles, and contains 0.1 ppm or more and 20 ppm or less of Na element and/or 0.01 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less of K element.

This electrophotographic photoreceptor includes at least a laminated photoreceptive layer, in which a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer are laminated in this order on a conductive base. The charge transporting layer contains at least a charge transporting substance, a binder resin, and silica particles, and contains 0.1 ppm or more and 20 ppm or less of Na element and/or 0.01 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less of K element.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a feature in that, in a graph that is obtained by a method of measuring an EV curve, and that has a horizontal axis representing I and a vertical axis representing V, when V at I=0.500 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by V.sub.r [V], a maximum value of S [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2] represented by S=I.Math.(V−V.sub.r) in a range of I=0.000 to 0.030 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by S.sub.max [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2], and a product of a light amount I.sub.i [μJ/cm.sup.2] on the horizontal axis and a potential V.sub.i[V] on the vertical axis at a point of intersection between an approximate straight line in a range of I=0.000 to 0.010 [μJ/cm.sup.2] and an approximate straight line in a range of I=0.490 to 0.500 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by S.sub.i=I.sub.i.Math.(V.sub.i−V.sub.r) [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2], a ratio of S.sub.i to S.sub.max, which is represented by AR=S.sub.i/S.sub.max, satisfies AR≤0.10.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a feature in that, in a graph that is obtained by a method of measuring an EV curve, and that has a horizontal axis representing I and a vertical axis representing V, when V at I=0.500 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by V.sub.r [V], a maximum value of S [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2] represented by S=I.Math.(V−V.sub.r) in a range of I=0.000 to 0.030 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by S.sub.max [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2], and a product of a light amount I.sub.i [μJ/cm.sup.2] on the horizontal axis and a potential V.sub.i[V] on the vertical axis at a point of intersection between an approximate straight line in a range of I=0.000 to 0.010 [μJ/cm.sup.2] and an approximate straight line in a range of I=0.490 to 0.500 [μJ/cm.sup.2] is represented by S.sub.i=I.sub.i.Math.(V.sub.i−V.sub.r) [V.Math.μJ/cm.sup.2], a ratio of S.sub.i to S.sub.max, which is represented by AR=S.sub.i/S.sub.max, satisfies AR≤0.10.