To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member being excellent in abrasion resistance and having good electrical characteristics. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymerized product of a hole transporting compound having a specified structure and a compound having a specified structure.

In an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a circumferential surface has concave portions that are independent one another; each of the concave portions has an opening, a contour of the opening has an apex having an angle α of more than 0° and 90° or less on at least an upstream side of a rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and has a largest width in an axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of 20 μm or more and 80 μm or less, a width of the contour in the axial direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member decreasing from a portion having the largest width toward the apex, when viewing each of the concave portions in the axial direction, each of the concave portions has a depth that decreases from a deepest point of each of the concave portions toward the apex.

Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member which satisfies wear resistance and electrical characteristics, and in which image deletion is satisfactorily suppressed, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a surface layer which includes a polymerized product of a hole transporting substance having a reactive functional group, in which a structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance is one of: a structure consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom; and a structure consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, and the structure other than the reactive functional group of the hole transporting substance comprises a specific conjugate structure.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer, in which an outermost surface layer contains a binder resin, a charge transporting material, fluorine-containing resin particles, and an acidic compound, the number of carboxyl groups in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or more and 30 or less per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and in a case where charging and exposure of the electrophotographic photoconductor are repeated 10,000 times under conditions of a charging potential of −700 V and an exposure intensity of 5 mJ/m.sup.2, an absolute value |RP.sub.1−RP.sub.10000| of a difference between a residual potential RP.sub.1 after charging and exposure once and a residual potential RP.sub.10000 after charging and exposure 10,000 times is 25 V or less.

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer, in which an outermost surface layer contains a binder resin, a charge transporting material, fluorine-containing resin particles, and an acidic compound, the number of carboxyl groups in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or more and 30 or less per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and in a case where charging and exposure of the electrophotographic photoconductor are repeated 10,000 times under conditions of a charging potential of −700 V and an exposure intensity of 5 mJ/m.sup.2, an absolute value |RP.sub.1−RP.sub.10000| of a difference between a residual potential RP.sub.1 after charging and exposure once and a residual potential RP.sub.10000 after charging and exposure 10,000 times is 25 V or less.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, and a photosensitive layer on the support. The photosensitive layer has a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material, in this order. The charge transporting layer contains (α) a specific polycarbonate resin or a specific polyester resin, (β) the charge transporting material, (γ) a methoxybenzene, and (δ) a methoxybenzene, a methoxycyclohexane or a methylhexanol having a substituent. The content Wδ of the (δ) is 0.001% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on the total mass of the charge transporting layer.

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, and a photosensitive layer on the support. The photosensitive layer has a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting material, in this order. The charge transporting layer contains (α) a specific polycarbonate resin or a specific polyester resin, (β) the charge transporting material, (γ) a methoxybenzene, and (δ) a methoxybenzene, a methoxycyclohexane or a methylhexanol having a substituent. The content Wδ of the (δ) is 0.001% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on the total mass of the charge transporting layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer-type photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, an electron transporting material, and a hole transporting material. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer has a concentration ratio (A/B) of 0.7 or more and 1.0 or less, where the concentration ratio (A/B) is a ratio of a concentration A of the electron transporting material relative to the binder resin measured from a surface of the photosensitive layer remote from the conductive substrate to a concentration B of the electron transporting material relative to the binder resin measured from a surface of the photosensitive layer close to the conductive substrate.

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a copolymer of a composition containing a specific hole transporting compound and a specific compound.

A fluorine-containing resin particle contains 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10.sup.6 carbon atoms and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound.