In an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electric charge generating layer and an electric charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive support body in this order, a layer configuring an outermost surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains composite structure particles in which a core material is inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles are coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum, and an average particle diameter of primary particles of the composite structure particles is 50 nm to 200 nm.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The polycarbonate resin has a terminal group having a fluoro group and represented by general formula (10). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 C/g. The photosensitive layer has a Vickers hardness of at least 17.0 HV at 45 C.

##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer having a single-layer structure. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, an electron transport material, a polycarbonate resin, and a hole transport material. The electron transport material includes a compound having a halogen atom and represented by general formula (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5). The polycarbonate resin has a terminal group having a fluoro group and represented by general formula (10). The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), or (27). A charge of calcium carbonate as measured by charging the calcium carbonate through friction with the photosensitive layer is at least +6.5 C/g. The photosensitive layer has a Vickers hardness of at least 17.0 HV at 45 C.

##STR00001## ##STR00002## ##STR00003##

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer contains a compound having a structure represented by general formula (I) below: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group or a C.sub.5-12 cycloalkyl group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxyl group, a C.sub.6-20 aryl group or a heterocycle group; X and Z each represent a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted; and Y represents a OCO group or COO group. A method for manufacturing the photoreceptor and an electrophotographic device including the photoreceptor are additionally provided. The electrophotographic photoreceptor provides sufficient stain resistance and is less affected by temperature and humidity environments while maintaining various advantageous characteristics of photoreceptors.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer contains a compound having a structure represented by general formula (I) below: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group or a C.sub.5-12 cycloalkyl group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkoxyl group, a C.sub.6-20 aryl group or a heterocycle group; X and Z each represent a single bond or a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted; and Y represents a OCO group or COO group. A method for manufacturing the photoreceptor and an electrophotographic device including the photoreceptor are additionally provided. The electrophotographic photoreceptor provides sufficient stain resistance and is less affected by temperature and humidity environments while maintaining various advantageous characteristics of photoreceptors.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer which contains an electric charge generating material and an electric charge transport material, wherein a layer configuring a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin binder, and conductive particles A and B dispersed in the resin binder, the conductive particles A have a single peak and volume resistance 1, the conductive particles B have a single peak and volume resistance 2, when a particle diameter of the conductive particles A is set to d1, and a particle diameter of the conductive particles B is set to d2, Expression (1) is satisfied, and when the volume resistance of the conductive particles A is set to 1, and the volume resistance of the conductive particles B is set to 2, Expression (2) is satisfied:
4d2d120d2(1)
101<2(2).

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer which contains an electric charge generating material and an electric charge transport material, wherein a layer configuring a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a resin binder, and conductive particles A and B dispersed in the resin binder, the conductive particles A have a single peak and volume resistance 1, the conductive particles B have a single peak and volume resistance 2, when a particle diameter of the conductive particles A is set to d1, and a particle diameter of the conductive particles B is set to d2, Expression (1) is satisfied, and when the volume resistance of the conductive particles A is set to 1, and the volume resistance of the conductive particles B is set to 2, Expression (2) is satisfied:
4d2d120d2(1)
101<2(2).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

In an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electric charge generating layer and an electric charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive support body in this order, a layer configuring an outermost surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains composite structure particles in which a core material is inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles are coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum, and an average particle diameter of primary particles of the composite structure particles is 50 nm to 200 nm.