In an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electric charge generating layer and an electric charge transport layer are laminated on a conductive support body in this order, a layer configuring an outermost surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains composite structure particles in which a core material is inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles are coated with tin oxide doped with aluminum, and an average particle diameter of primary particles of the composite structure particles is 50 nm to 200 nm.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially layered on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer contains a cured product of a curable composition containing p-type semiconductor fine particles, an n-type organic semiconductor, and a polymerizable compound.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially layered on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer contains a cured product of a curable composition containing p-type semiconductor fine particles, an n-type organic semiconductor, and a polymerizable compound.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive substrate and containing inorganic oxide particles, and an inorganic protective layer provided on the photosensitive layer. In a particle size distribution of the inorganic oxide particles obtained through cross-sectional observation of the photosensitive layer, the highest peak for small-diameter particles A is present in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm, and the highest peak for large-diameter particles is present in the range of 80 nm to 400 nm, with the threshold particle diameter for the small-diameter particles A and the large-diameter particles being 60 nm, and the relationship between the particle diameter dA at the highest peak for the small-diameter particles A and the particle diameter dB at the highest peak for the large-diameter particles satisfies formula (A1) below:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dB}/\mathrm{dA}4..& \left(\mathrm{A1}\right)\end{array}$

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on or above the conductive substrate and containing inorganic oxide particles, and an inorganic protective layer provided on the photosensitive layer. In a particle size distribution of the inorganic oxide particles obtained through cross-sectional observation of the photosensitive layer, the highest peak for small-diameter particles A is present in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm, and the highest peak for large-diameter particles is present in the range of 80 nm to 400 nm, with the threshold particle diameter for the small-diameter particles A and the large-diameter particles being 60 nm, and the relationship between the particle diameter dA at the highest peak for the small-diameter particles A and the particle diameter dB at the highest peak for the large-diameter particles satisfies formula (A1) below:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{dB}/\mathrm{dA}4..& \left(\mathrm{A1}\right)\end{array}$

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate and an inorganic protective layer on the organic photosensitive layer, wherein a layer that forms a surface of the organic photosensitive layer contains a charge transporting material, a binder resin, and a silica particle; the inorganic protective layer contains a group 13 element, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom; a sum of element constitution ratios of the group 13 element, the oxygen atom, and the hydrogen atom to all elements constituting the inorganic protective layer is equal to or more than 90 atomic %; and an element composition ratio (oxygen atom/group 13 element) of the oxygen atom and the group 13 element is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5.

There is provided herein an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes conductive particles having thereon a shell comprising polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane dispersed in a polymer. A method of manufacturing and intermediate transfer member is also disclosed.

There is provided herein an intermediate transfer member. The intermediate transfer member includes conductive particles having thereon a shell comprising polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane dispersed in a polymer. A method of manufacturing and intermediate transfer member is also disclosed.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, and an inorganic surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein a layer constituting an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer contains from 30% by weight to 70% by weight of silica particles and contains a biphenyl copolymerization type polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by the formula (PCA) and a structural unit represented by the formula (PCB) at a copolymerization ratio (PCA:PCB (molar ratio)) of 10:90 to 50:50: ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.P1, R.sup.P2, R.sup.P3, and R.sup.P4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and X.sup.P1 represents a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, an alkylene group, or a cycloalkylene group.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, and an inorganic surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein a layer constituting an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer contains from 30% by weight to 70% by weight of silica particles and contains a biphenyl copolymerization type polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by the formula (PCA) and a structural unit represented by the formula (PCB) at a copolymerization ratio (PCA:PCB (molar ratio)) of 10:90 to 50:50: ##STR00001## wherein, R.sup.P1, R.sup.P2, R.sup.P3, and R.sup.P4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and X.sup.P1 represents a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, a naphthylene group, an alkylene group, or a cycloalkylene group.