An absolute value of a first maximum value is smaller than an absolute value of the second maximum value. With respect to a rotational direction of a rotatable developing member, an angle from a second maximum position to a position where a magnetic flux density of a regulating pole in a normal relative to an outer peripheral surface of the rotatable developing member is a half value of the second maximum value on a side downstream of the second maximum position is smaller than an angle from a position where the magnetic flux density of the regulating pole in the normal direction relative to the outer peripheral surface of the rotatable developing member is a half value of the first maximum value on a side upstream of the first maximum position to the first maximum value.

An elastic member that comes into contact with a moving body that moves in a predetermined moving direction to scrape off a deposit on the moving body includes: a stress reducer that is provided at a contact end on a side to be in contact with the moving body and reduces vibration of internal stress generated due to contact between the moving body and the elastic member, wherein the stress reducer extends in a direction that is not perpendicular to the moving direction when the elastic member comes in contact with the moving body.

A developing device includes: a case in which a hollow transporting path is formed; a transporting member configured to transport a developer in the transporting path; a support portion fixed to an end portion of the case by a fastening member to support the transporting member at an end portion of the transporting path; and a cooling unit fixed by being sandwiched between the support portion and the case.

A developing device includes a developing rotator configured to rotate through a developing region while carrying a magnetic developer, a supply transport member configured to rotate to transport the developer to be supplied to the developing rotator, a non-magnetic movement assist member arranged between the developing rotator and the supply transport member, and having a slope that receives the developer from the supply transport member and moves the developer to the developing rotator, a first adjusting member having a facing surface that faces, with distances, the slope of the movement assist member and a surface of the developing rotator at a part passing over the movement assist member, and configured to adjust a movement amount of the developer from the movement assist member to the developing rotator and a carrying amount of the developer on the surface of the developing rotator, and a second adjusting member having a distance from the surface of the developing rotator at a part passing over the first adjusting member, and configured to adjust the carrying amount of the developer on the surface of the developing rotator before the developer reaches the developing region. A first minimum distance between the slope of the movement assist member and the facing surface of the first adjusting member, a second minimum distance between the facing surface of the first adjusting member and the surface of the developing rotator, and a third minimum distance between the second adjusting member and the surface of the developing rotator are reduced in descending order.

A developing device capable of stably collecting untransferred toner collected from the photoconductor drum to the developing roller to the feed roller and suppressing occurrence of development ghosts, and an image forming apparatus including the same are provided. A developing device has a developing roller facing a photoconductor drum, a feed roller, and a restriction blade. The feed roller forms a feed nip part with the developing roller by contacting with the circumferential surface of the developing roller, and collects toner from the developing roller while feeding the toner to the developing roller. The Asker-C hardness of the developing roller is in the range of 50 to 80, both inclusive, the width of the feed nip part is in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mm, both inclusive, and a compressive load to be applied to the feed roller is in the range of 0.2 to 1.5N, both inclusive.

Provided is an electrophotographic electro-conductive member including a support having an electro-conductive outer surface, and an electro-conductive layer. The electro-conductive layer has a matrix containing a crosslinked product of a first rubber and domains containing a crosslinked product of a second rubber and an electron conductive agent. When measuring an impedance by applying alternating voltage between the outer surface of the support and a platinum electrode on an outer surface of the electro-conductive layer while changing a frequency, a slope at specific frequencies is −0.8 to −0.3 in a double logarithmic plot, and an impedance at specific frequency range is 1.0×10.sup.4Ω to 1.0×10.sup.11Ω. When measuring an impedance by applying alternating voltage between the outer surface of the support and a platinum electrode on an outer surface of the electrophotographic electro-conductive member while changing a frequency, an impedance at specific frequency range is 1.0×10.sup.5Ω to 1.0×10.sup.11Ω.

Systems and methods relating to accurate Channel State Information (CSI) measurements for a License Assisted Secondary Cell (LA SCell) are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a wireless device enabled to operate in a cellular communications network according to a carrier aggregation scheme using both a licensed frequency band and an unlicensed frequency band operates to determine whether a Channel State Information Reference Symbol (CSI-RS) transmission from a LA SCell of the wireless device is present in a subframe, where the LA SCell is in an unlicensed frequency band. The wireless device further operates to process a CSI-RS measurement for the LA SCell for the subframe upon determining that a CSI-RS transmission from the LA SCell is present in the subframe and refrain from processing a CSI-RS measurement for the LA SCell for the subframe upon determining that a CSI-RS transmission from the LA SCell is not present in the subframe.

A developing device includes a developing container storing a two-component developer, a developer carrying member, and a regulation member. The developer carrying member includes a developing sleeve, and a magnet having a regulation pole opposite the regulation member and a main pole opposite the image carrying member. The regulation member is arranged downstream of the position at which the vertical magnetic force of the regulation pole is 0 [mT] but upstream of a position at which the vertical and horizontal magnetic forces of the regulation pole are equal. Let the horizontal magnetic force gradient at the position at which the horizontal magnetic force of the main pole is 0 [mT] be A and the horizontal magnetic force gradient at the upstream-side surface of the regulation member along the rotation direction of the developing sleeve be B, then |A|>2.45 and |B|<1.30.

A developing device includes a developing container storing a two-component developer containing a magnetic carrier and a toner, a developer carrying member carrying the developer on its outer circumferential surface, and a regulation member arranged to be opposed at a prescribed distance to the developer carrying member. The developer carrying member includes a developing sleeve on which a magnetic brush is formed, and a magnet secured in the developing sleeve and having a plurality of magnetic poles including a regulation pole opposed to the regulation member and a downstream-side magnetic pole arranged downstream of the regulation pole with respect to the rotation direction of the developing sleeve. The magnet is such that the vertical magnetic force gradient [mT/° ] has a local minimum value near a position at which the vertical magnetic force is 0 [mT] between the downstream-side surface of the regulation member and the downstream-side magnetic pole.

A developing device includes a development casing, a developer carrying member, a regulating blade, a pair of pressing members, and a blade seal member. The development casing has an opening part. The developer carrying member has a developing area. The blade seal member includes a first layer material and a second layer material. The development casing has facing surfaces. The second layer material has positioning protrusions protruding from the first layer material in a rotation axis direction at positions inside both ends of the first layer material in the rotation axis direction, so as to contact the facing surfaces and be positioned in the rotation axis direction. When the second layer material is positioned in the rotation axis direction, the first layer material is pressed in contact with the pressing members in the rotation axis direction.