A printer includes: an installation case to which a cartridge having a first memory is installed, a printing unit which performs printing by using a print material supplied from the cartridge, a sensor which outputs a detection value according to an amount of the print material stored in the cartridge, a cartridge interface communicable with the first memory, a second memory, and a controller. The first memory stores cartridge information including: cartridge identification information and residual amount information according to the amount of the print material stored in the cartridge. The controller acquires the cartridge identification information and the residual amount information from the first memory, stores history information in the second memory, and updates the residual amount information of the history information based on information according to the amount of the print material discharged by the printing unit.

An example operation method of an image forming apparatus includes determining a state of a toner refill operation of injecting toner from a toner reload kit (TRK) into a cartridge in the image forming apparatus, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, controlling the TRK to store information indicating a toner refill completion in a memory of the TRK, based on completion of injecting toner from the TRK into the cartridge, updating information of an amount of remaining toner of the cartridge based on an amount of the toner injected into the cartridge from the TRK, and based on the information indicating the toner refill completion being stored in the memory of the TRK, unlocking a locking apparatus in the image forming apparatus so the TRK may be removed from the cartridge.

A toner cartridge includes: a casing having a first toner accommodating portion and a second toner accommodating portion; an agitator; an auger; a first protrusion positioned at one side in a first direction of the second toner accommodating portion; a second protrusion positioned at another side in the first direction of the second accommodating portion; a memory; and a toner-side electrical contact surface electrically connected to the memory. The toner cartridge is attachable to a drum cartridge by the casing pivotally moving from a first position to a second position relative to the drum cartridge about the first protrusion and the second protrusion. When the casing is at the first position, the toner-side electrical contact surface does not contact a first electrical contact surface of the drum cartridge. When the casing is at the second position, the toner-side electrical contact surface contacts the first electrical contact surface.

An image forming apparatus comprises a main unit, a main unit memory, a drum cartridge, a toner cartridge, and a controller. The main unit memory stores printer identification information. The drum cartridge comprises a drum memory that stores drum identification information. The toner cartridge comprises a toner memory that stores toner identification information. The controller is configured to store in the main unit memory the drum identification information stored in the drum memory and store in the drum memory the printer identification information stored in the main unit memory, if it determines that the drum cartridge installed in the main unit is new, and store in the main unit memory the toner identification information stored in the toner memory and store in the toner memory the drum identification information stored in the drum memory, if it determines that the toner cartridge installed in the main unit is new.

An image forming apparatus includes an apparatus body, a developer container, a data recording medium, a contact terminal, a detector, and control circuitry. The developer container is detachably attached in the apparatus body. The data recording medium is on the developer container. The contact terminal is disposed in the apparatus body and contacts the data recording medium. The detector detects a communication failure between the data recording medium and the apparatus body. The control circuitry executes a control mode to vibrate the data recording medium when the detector detects the communication failure.

Embodiments of this application provide a responding method for a consumable chip and a consumable chip, a consumable cartridge, and a storage medium. The consumable chip stores target data and an indicator used to indicate a type of the target data in the consumable chip, and at least a part of data in the target data is used as the indicator; and the target data is a digital signature or unsigned data. The method includes: receiving an access request of a printing device; selecting at least a part of data in the target data according to the access request; and sending the at least a part of data to the printing device in response to the access request of the printing device.

An image forming apparatus includes a tray which is movable between a housed position at which the tray is housed in a housing portion of a body and a drawn-out position, a first cartridge detachably attached to the tray and including a first developing roller, and a second cartridge detachably attached to the tray and including a second developing roller. In a contacting state where (i) the first cartridge and the second cartridge are attached to the tray, (ii) the tray is in the housed position, (iii) the first developing roller contacts a first photosensitive drum, and (iv) the second developing roller contacts a second photosensitive drum, a position of a first projection of the first cartridge and a position of a first holder to which a first memory is fixed at least partially overlap each other with respect to the vertical direction.

An image formation apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes: an engagement part to which a replacement unit with a first communication part is detachably attachable; a second communication part configured, in a state where the replacement unit is attached to the engagement part, to communicate wirelessly with the first communication part of the replacement unit; and a control unit programmed to control the second communication part. In a process of causing the second communication part to communicate wirelessly with the first communication part a plurality of times, the control unit detects a change in a response from the first communication part.

A memory control device includes a memory control part that controls memory through an interface part in accordance with a predetermined communication regulation, an illegal access detection part that detects an illegal access to the memory according to an access state from the memory control part to the memory and a signal state of the interface part, and a signal control part that switches the signal state of the interface part from a write-allowed state, in which the interface part is able to be written, to a write-inhibited state, in which the interface part is protected from being rewritten, when the illegal access is detected by the illegal access detection part.

An image forming apparatus includes: a housing; drum cartridge attachable to the housing; a toner cartridge attachable to the drum cartridge at an attachment position; and a contacting portion positioned at a side wall of the housing positioned at one end thereof in a first direction. The drum cartridge includes a photosensitive drum and a drum frame. The toner cartridge includes a toner casing, a toner memory, a memory holder holding the toner memory, and a memory holder cover movably holding the memory holder. The memory holder cover has a protrusion protruding in a direction crossing the first direction. In a case where the drum cartridge is to be attached to the housing while the toner cartridge is lifted up from the drum frame than the attachment position, the protrusion is configured to contact the contacting portion to move the toner cartridge to the attachment position from the lifted-up position.