An image forming apparatus that determines presence or absence of bubbles with a simple configuration. The image forming apparatus forms an image on a sheet using a liquid developer including toner and carrier liquid. An exposure unit exposes a photosensitive member charged by a charging unit to form an electrostatic latent image. A development unit stores the liquid developer and develops the electrostatic latent image using the liquid developer. A supplying unit supplies toner and carrier liquid to the development unit. A light receiving unit receives light that is emitted from a light emitting unit and passes through the liquid developer in the development unit, and to output an output value based on a light receiving amount. A controller determines whether a bubble is generating in the liquid developer according to a period after the output value exceeding the first threshold until falling below a second threshold.

In one example, a method for calibrating a position of a charge roller is described. The method may include a processor positioning a first end of a charge roller to a first plurality of index positions, determining a capacitance between the charge roller and a photoconductor imaging plate at each of the first plurality of index positions, determining a first index position of the first plurality of index positions with a greatest change in capacitance, and calibrating a position of the charge roller based upon the first index position.

An image forming apparatus includes: an image former that forms an image, which is desired by a user and different from a predetermined pattern, on a sheet; an output information detector that detects output information on a first image formed on a first sheet by the image former; and a hardware processor that: acquires an correction amount of a third image, which is formed on a third sheet after the first sheet and a second sheet, according to a detection result of the first image by the output information detector and image information on a second image formed on the second sheet after the first sheet by the image former; and controls the image former so as to correct the third image based on the correction amount acquired by the hardware processor.

An image forming method uses a toner including toner particles including a binder resin and an ultraviolet light absorber. Content of the ultraviolet light absorber is within a range of 0.1 to 50 mass % with respect to total mass of the toner particles. The method includes: transferring a toner image formed with the toner on a recording medium; and irradiating the toner image transferred on the recording medium with monochromatic light having a maximum emission wavelength within a wavelength range of 280 to 550 nm to melt and fix the toner image.

A photo drum may be to receive a color separation. A controller may be to change a location of the color separation on the photo drum from a first location to a second location when a separation location history for the color separation is outside of a threshold range.

An example method includes concentrating first printing liquid on a conveyor. Concentrating the first printing liquid produces liquid carrier having a low non-volatile solid concentration. The method also includes concentrating the liquid carrier having the low non-volatile solid concentration on a developer roller. Concentrating the liquid carrier having the low non-volatile solid concentration produces liquid carrier substantially free of non-volatile solids. The method also includes delivering the liquid carrier substantially free of non-volatile solids to a storage vessel.

In one example, a method for calibrating a position of a charge roller is described. The method may include a processor positioning a first end of a charge roller to a first plurality of index positions, determining a capacitance between the charge roller and a photoconductor imaging plate at each of the first plurality of index positions, determining a first index position of the first plurality of index positions with a greatest change in capacitance, and calibrating a position of the charge roller based upon the first index position.

An image forming apparatus includes a calculation portion calculates an image ratio of the electrostatic image to be formed. A controller controls the developer supply from a developer supplier to the developing unit based on the toner density output of the inductance sensor. An adjustment portion adjusts the density of the toner output from the toner density detection portion to a higher value in a case where the image ratio calculated by the calculation portion is higher than a predetermined image ratio.

A developing method includes: horizontally holding a substrate; disposing an opposing surface of a developer nozzle that faces a portion of a surface of the substrate, above one of central and peripheral portions of the surface; discharging a developer to form a liquid collection portion of the developer; spreading the liquid collection portion by moving the developer nozzle toward the other of the central and peripheral portions with the opposing surface brought into contact with the liquid collection portion; lifting the developer nozzle relative to the surface while stopping the discharge of the developer, and pulling up a portion of the liquid collection portion; stopping the lifting, and forming a pillar of the developer having a tapered upper end which is brought into contact with the opposing surface; and applying a shearing force to the pillar to shear the tapered upper end and separating the pillar from the opposing surface.

A developing method includes: horizontally holding a substrate; disposing an opposing surface of a developer nozzle that faces a portion of a surface of the substrate, above one of central and peripheral portions of the surface; discharging a developer to form a liquid collection portion of the developer; spreading the liquid collection portion by moving the developer nozzle toward the other of the central and peripheral portions with the opposing surface brought into contact with the liquid collection portion; lifting the developer nozzle relative to the surface while stopping the discharge of the developer, and pulling up a portion of the liquid collection portion; stopping the lifting, and forming a pillar of the developer having a tapered upper end which is brought into contact with the opposing surface; and applying a shearing force to the pillar to shear the tapered upper end and separating the pillar from the opposing surface.