According to an aspect of the invention, a tubular member includes a siloxane-modified polyetherimide, a polyetherimide except the siloxane-modified polyetherimide, a polyether ether ketone, and a conductive material.

A tubular member includes a siloxane-modified polyetherimide, a polyetherimide except the siloxane-modified polyetherimide, and a conductive material, wherein a content of the siloxane-modified polyetherimide with respect to a total content of the siloxane-modified polyetherimide and the polyetherimide except the siloxane-modified polyetherimide at a surface layer portion is 40% by weight or more.

Electrophotographic printing techniques offer excellent image quality, but image adhesion to a desired substrate may be problematic in many instances. Primer coatings for improving image adhesion to a substrate may be formed from primer compositions comprising a fluid and an amine-functionalized copolymer dispersed in the fluid as an emulsion, in which the amine-functionalized copolymer has an amine number of about 10 to about 180 mg KOH/g copolymer. The fluid may be aqueous or organic. Suitable amine-functionalized copolymers may be formed by an emulsion polymerization reaction of one or more first ethylenically unsaturated monomers lacking an amine group and one or more second ethylenically unsaturated monomers bearing at least one amine group. The at least one amine group comprises a side chain of the amine-functionalized copolymer.

An electrically conductive roller includes a shaft body, an elastic layer disposed on an external circumferential surface of the shaft body, a tube that covers the elastic layer while being in close contact with the elastic layer and extends beyond two ends of the elastic layer, and projections disposed on internal circumferential surfaces of portions of the tube extending beyond the two ends of the elastic layer.

An image forming apparatus includes: a toner feed body that is an endless belt holding a toner image, or is a transfer member transferring a toner image to a recording medium nipped between the endless belt and the transfer member; an electric charge imparting member that is provided so as to face a surface of the toner feed body and increases an amount of electric charges of toner adhering to the surface of the toner feed body; and a toner attracting member that is provided at a more downstream part of the toner feed body than the electric charge imparting member in a feed direction of the toner feed body and attracts the toner by being applied with a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of the toner adhering to the surface of the toner feed body.

A conductive member for an image-forming apparatus includes a conductive layer including a matrix containing a conductive organic polymer material and domains formed by aggregate particles of an electronically conductive conductivity-imparting agent and having sizes of about 100 nm to about 3 μm. About 20 to about 50 domains are present in a 10 μm×10 μm square in the conductive layer.

To provide a conductive member for an electrophotographic machine that is capable of preventing hardening degradation of a surface layer that is caused by an ionic conductive agent contained in a conductive rubber elastic body layer, allowing the surface layer to be improved in durability.

A conductive member 10 for an electrophotographic machine includes a conductive rubber elastic body layer 14 containing crossiinked rubber and an ionic conductive agent, and a surface layer 16 provided on an outer periphery of the conductive rubber elastic body layer 14, wherein the surface layer 16 contains a polymer and polyphenol. Examples of the polyphenol include a tannin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, pyrogallol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid.

A conductive roll includes a support member, an elastic layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the support member, and a top layer disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer. In a case where a pushing amount of a metal roll into the conductive roll is 1.7%, the metal roll having an outer diameter identical to an outer diameter of the conductive roll, a shrinkage rate of a surface of the conductive roll with respect to the outer diameter of the conductive roll is equal to or more than 5%.

Member for an image forming apparatus having an outer layer that includes polyethylene glycol and a polyether ester amide having therein a structural unit of polyethylene glycol. Method. Image forming apparatus.

An electrophotographic belt includes: a base body having an endless shape; and a surface layer on an outer peripheral surface of the base body, wherein grooves extending in a circumferential direction are provided on an outer surface of the surface layer; the base body contains a thermoplastic polyester resin and a filler; the surface layer contains an acrylic resin; a thickness T of the base body is 30 μm or larger, and a content of the filler in the base body is 0.1% by volume or more and 10.0% by volume or less based on a total volume of the base body; and in a region having a thickness 0.25 times as thick as an average particle diameter of the filler, an average value A of ratios of elements derived from the filler is 0.0 atomic % or larger and 1.0 atomic % or smaller.