A belt driving device includes plural rotating members around which a belt member extends, each rotating member rotating about a rotating shaft; and contact members disposed at both sides of the belt member in a width direction. The rotating members include a first rotating member, having a dimension less than a width of the belt member in a direction of the rotating shaft. Each contact member has a first contact point at which the contact member contacts the belt member and a second contact point closer to a corresponding one of the end portions in the width direction than the first contact point and at which the contact member contacts the belt member such that an angle between the contact member and the rotating shaft at the second contact point is greater than an angle between the contact member and the rotating shaft at the first contact point.

An image forming apparatus includes a transferred body to which a toner image is transferred, a transfer device, a contact-separation device, and circuitry. The transfer device transfers the toner image from the transferred body onto a recording medium. The contact-separation device includes a motor and drives the motor to move the transfer device away from or into contact with the transferred body. The circuitry causes the contact-separation device to move the transfer device away from or into contact with the transferred body. The circuitry moves the transfer device away from the transferred body to a first position during standby and locates the transfer device at a second position that is closer to a contact position at which the transfer device is configured to contact the transferred body than the first position in an interval between the recording medium and a succeeding recording medium.

An image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes: a driver that presses and separates two rollers via a belt; a detector that detects a position of the belt in an axial direction of one roller of the two rollers; and a hardware processor that calculates, based on a detection result by the detector, a first movement amount of the position of the belt in the axial direction when the belt is made to travel for a predetermined time in a state where the two rollers are separated and a second movement amount of the position of the belt in the axial direction when the belt is made to travel for the predetermined time in a state where the two rollers are pressed.

A belt driving device includes plural rotating members around which a belt member extends, each rotating member rotating about a rotating shaft; and contact members disposed at both sides of the belt member in a width direction. The rotating members include a first rotating member, having a dimension less than a width of the belt member in a direction of the rotating shaft. Each contact member has a first contact point at which the contact member contacts the belt member and a second contact point closer to a corresponding one of the end portions in the width direction than the first contact point and at which the contact member contacts the belt member such that an angle between the contact member and the rotating shaft at the second contact point is greater than an angle between the contact member and the rotating shaft at the first contact point.

An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image forming portions, an intermediate transfer belt, a primary transfer member, a secondary transfer roller, a counter roller, and a charge eliminating device. The counter roller is pressed against the secondary transfer roller via an intermediate transfer belt to thereby form a secondary transfer nip portion. The charge eliminating device includes a charge eliminating needle that is disposed with an end part thereof pointing to a downstream side in a conveyance direction of the recording medium, and that is grounded, and a charge eliminating needle protection cover that has a guide surface that is opposed to the recording medium having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion, and that maintains a constant interval between the recording medium and the charge eliminating needle, and eliminates residual charge on the recording medium having passed through the secondary transfer nip portion.

An image forming apparatus includes: a conveyer that conveys a recording medium; a transfer part that forms a transfer nip between with the conveyer, and conveys, toward the transfer nip, an image to be transferred onto the recording medium; and an inclination part that inclines the recording medium conveyed by the conveyer with respect to a conveyance direction of the recording medium in the conveyer.

An image forming apparatus includes a fixing device, control circuitry, and a controller. The fixing device includes a first rotating body, a second rotating body in pressure contact with the first rotating body, and a heat source to heat the first rotating body. The circuitry, at startup of the fixing device, causes the fixing device to perform a rotating operation to rotate the first rotating body while causing the heat source to perform a heating operation to heat the first rotating body, thereby performing a fixing startup operation to raise a temperature of the first rotating body. The circuitry delays at least one of a timing for start of the rotating operation and a timing for start of the heating operation to be later than a start of a controller startup operation such that the fixing startup operation is completed in time with completion of the controller startup operation.

A belt driving device includes an annular belt member, rotary members, a protrusion, and a contact member. The belt member includes first and second edges. The belt member is wound around the rotary members. The protrusion protrudes from an inner peripheral surface of the belt member. The protrusion and each rotary member are arranged in an extending direction of the rotary member. The protrusion is provided at the second edge. The contact member is closer to the first edge. When the belt member deviates, the contact member comes into contact with the belt member. A difference between a position of the belt member when the protrusion comes into contact with an end surface of one of the rotary members and a position of the belt member when the belt member comes into contact with the contact member is equal to or less than a width of the protrusion.

An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer unit that transfers an image onto an object by making contact with the object; a holding unit that holds the object having a circumferential surface so that the circumferential surface rotates along a transfer direction of the transfer unit; and a transport unit that transports the holding unit holding the object along a transport path, and the transfer unit transfers an image onto the circumferential surface of the object in a circumferential direction as the object rotates, by making contact with the circumferential surface of the object maintained at a transfer position.

A cleaning device for a rotational body is provided. The cleaning device includes a scraping portion whose edge is pressed against a rotational body to which toner adheres. The scraping portion scrapes the toner off the rotational body. The cleaning device also includes a guide portion that guides a recording medium toward the rotational body, and a guide support portion that supports the guide portion. The guide support portion is disposed at a position separated from the scraping portion in a state in which the guide support portion is pressed by the guide portion that is guiding the recording medium.