An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging member, a developing member, a transfer member, and a control unit. Following a toner image, which is formed on a surface of the image bearing member at a transfer portion, being transferred to a recording material, residual toner remaining on the surface of the image bearing member is recovered by the developing member. The control unit carries out an image forming operation, a first cleaning operation, and a second cleaning operation. In the first cleaning operation, toner adhering to the charging member is recovered by the developing member, and in the second cleaning operation, the toner adhering to the charging member is discharged to the recording material passing through the transfer portion.