A toner includes an external additive particle that is a complex oxide containing a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and a silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2). A detection amount of titanium (Ti) detected through an elementary analysis based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry is equal to or higher than about 0.590 percent by weight and equal to or lower than about 0.967 percent by weight.

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member and a rotatable developer bearing member. The image bearing member, configured to carry a toner image, includes first recess portions provided at intervals substantially equal to a first pitch Pdr (mm) in a rotation direction of the image bearing member. The developer bearing member, configured to carry developer comprising toner and carrier and to form the toner image on the image bearing member, includes second recess portions provided at intervals substantially equal to a second pitch Ps (mm) in a rotation direction of the developer bearing member. The following relationship is satisfied

Vs/Vdr<Ws/Pdr where Vdr represents a movement speed (mm/sec) of the first recess portions, Vs represents a movement speed (mm/sec) of the second recess portions, and Ws represents a length (mm) of each of the second recess portions in the rotation direction of the developer bearing member.

An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles. Each of the toner particles includes a toner mother particle and an external additive. The toner mother particle contains a binder resin. The external additive includes external additive particles adhering to a surface of the toner mother particle. Each of the external additive particles includes a titanium oxide particle and resin particles adhering to a surface of the titanium oxide particle.

A toner according to an embodiment includes: a toner base particle that includes a binder that contains polyester resin; and an external additive externally added to the toner base particle. A difference obtained by subtracting a specific surface area of the toner after removal of the external additive from a specific surface area of the toner before removal of the external additive is 0.75 m.sup.2/g or more and less than 1.00 m.sup.2/g.

A control unit performs control to satisfy T.sub.Va<T T.sub.Vb, where T is a time from a point when irradiation with light by a pre-exposure member is started to a point when a predetermined portion of the photosensitive member which is located at the pre-exposure position when the irradiation is started reaches a charging position, T.sub.Va is a time from the point when the irradiation is started to a point when application of a first voltage is started, and T.sub.Vb is a time from the point when the irradiation is started to a point when application of the second voltage is started.

An electrostatic image developing toner includes a binder resin; and resin particles, the binder resin including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, the resin particles including a styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymer. When a glass transition temperature calculated using a Fox equation on the basis of proportions of monomers constituting the entire resin particles is defined as Tg(C1?) C and a glass transition temperature measured using a differential scanning calorimeter is defined as Tg(E)? C., 5.0?Tg(E)?Tg(C1)?20.0, and when a glass transition temperature calculated using a Fox equation on the basis of monomer proportions determined by surface analysis of the resin particles is defined as Tg(C2)? C., Tg(C1)<Tg(C2).

A carrier for forming an electrophotographic image contains a core particle and a coating layer coating the core particle, wherein the coating layer contains a particle containing antimony and an anionic dispersant and the particle containing antimony includes a substrate particle containing a first inorganic fine particle.

A two-component developer contains a carrier and a toner in which an external additive is attached to a toner particle surface. The external additive contains a fine powder that has an average primary particle diameter of 10 nm to 25 nm and contains aluminum. The two-component developer has an apparent density of 1.7 g/cm.sup.3 to 2.0 g/cm.sup.3 at a toner concentration in of 4% by mass. A resistance value when a voltage of 1,000 V or 600 V is applied to a magnetic brush having a length of 0.1 cm formed by placing the two-component developer having a toner concentration of 4% by mass at a filling rate of 20% between two electrodes disposed parallel to each other at an interval of 0.1 cm in a magnetic field of 200 mT is 1 G? or more or 22 G? or less, respectively, per square centimeter of the electrodes.

An image forming method is provided that includes: developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearer, with use of a developer containing a carrier and toner, the carrier having a core material particle and a covering layer, the covering layer covering the core material particle and containing an antimony-containing particle; and supplying the carrier to the developer.

A toner cartridge including a carrier container in which one surface needed for discharge of carriers faces a toner discharge outlet, an image forming apparatus, and a method for controlling the image forming apparatus are provided. The toner cartridge includes a case, a toner container in the case so as to contain the toners; a toner outlet disposed over the case so as to discharge the container toner to the outside; and a carrier container including carriers therein such that one surface of the carrier container, through which the included carriers are discharged, is arranged to face the toner outlet.