A fixing device includes a belt member. The belt member includes a first insulating layer, an electrically-conductive layer, and a second insulating layer in order. The following conditional expression (1) is satisfied,

9.11log RV113.34(1) where RV1 represents a volume resistance of the electrically-conductive layer on a condition that an applied voltage is 100 volts.

A fixing device includes a fixation member, a fixing member that has an outer peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface, is rotatably provided with respect to the fixation member, comes into contact with, of a recording material on which an image is formed, a surface on which the image is formed, and fixes the image to the recording material, a rotating member that includes a contact surface, which is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the fixing member, at an outer peripheral portion, includes a heat generating portion generating heat due to electric resistance, and is rotatable together with the heat generating portion with respect to the fixation member, and a power receiving member that includes a power receiving surface receiving power from the fixation member with a peripheral surface, has a spring characteristic of biasing the power receiving surface in a direction of the fixation member, and rotates together with the rotating member.

An image heating apparatus for use with an image forming apparatus. The image heating apparatus includes a pair of rotatable members configured to form a nip for heating an image on a recording material, a guide member configured to guide the recording material toward the nip, a supporting mechanism configured to rotatably support the guide member about an axis so that the guide member is movable between a first position at which the guide member guides the recording material and a second position at which the guide member blocks at least a portion of a feeding path of the recording material, and a locking mechanism configured to lock the guide member being in the first position. The locking mechanism releases locking with sliding movement of the guiding member in a direction of the axis.

A fixing apparatus includes: first and second pressure members each of which is in contact with an inner circumferential surface of an endless belt and nips the endless belt between itself and a cylindrical member; a frame supporting the first and second pressure members; an actuator that moves the first pressure member between a first position and a second position in a movement direction of a portion, of the endless belt, positioned between the first and second pressure members; and an elastic body that generates nipping force to nip the endless belt. The nipping force by the elastic body is generated between the cylindrical member and the first and second pressure members, both in a case that the first pressure member is positioned in the first position and a case that the first pressure member is positioned in the second position.

There is provided a fuser including: a cylindrical member; an endless belt; a pressing member; a pressing roller; and a lateral guide contacting a lateral end of the endless belt. A part of an outer circumferential surface of the pressing roller is located on a downstream of the second nip area in a first direction. A guide surface of the lateral guide has: a first guide surface located on an opposite side to the pressing roller with respect to a virtual plane including the center of a first nip area and the center of rotation of the cylindrical member, and a second guide surface located on a side of the pressing roller with respect to the virtual plane, located on the downstream side of the rotation axis of the pressing roller in the first direction, and arranged on a same plane as the first guide surface.

A fixation device according to one of embodiments includes a first and second fixation units. The first fixation unit includes: a first belt; a first pad with a first elastic layer; and a first roller provided downstream of the first pad in a conveyance direction of a medium. The second fixation unit includes: a second belt; a second pad including a second elastic layer and pressed against the first pad with the first and second belts interposed in between; and a second roller provided downstream of the second pad in the conveyance direction and pressed against the first roller with the first second belts interposed in between. A thickness of at least one of the first and second elastic layers is smaller on a downstream side in the conveyance direction than on an upstream side in the conveyance direction.

According to one embodiment, a fixing device includes determination means for determining the size of a medium, heating means for including plural heat-generating members which are two-dimensionally arranged such that the heat-generating members are lined up along two parallel lines or more which are vertical to a transport direction of the medium and divided at locations on the parallel lines, and are disposed so as to come into contact with an inner side of the rotating body, and a switching unit which switches individual conduction, and heats the medium, pressing means for forming a nip by performing pressing and contact at a position of the plural heat-generating members, and heating control means for selecting a group of the heat-generating members which are lined up in the two-dimensional arrangement, conducting the selected group of the heat-generating members, and controlling the heating means.

A fixation device includes: an endless belt member; a first roller arranged inside the belt member; a second roller arranged outside the belt member and biased toward the first roller via the belt member; and a pressure member is biased toward the second roller via the belt member. A facing surface of the pressure member that faces the second roller includes a first flat section and a second flat section that intersect at an intersecting portion. A first end portion of the first flat section on the opposite side to the intersecting portion, a second end portion of the second flat section on the opposite side to the intersecting portion, and the intersecting portion are on an imaginary arc in a cross-section. A radius R of the imaginary arc satisfies, with respect a radius Rp of the second roller, an inequality of (1/2)RpR(19/20)Rp.

A fuser device carrying a medium includes a first rotation member that has flexibility, a second rotation member that is installed rotatable so as to carry the medium from an upstream side to a downstream side in the medium carrying direction in cooperation with the first rotation member while nipping the medium between the second rotation member and the first rotation member, and a first pressing member that has a first pressing face pressing the first rotation member toward the second rotation member while being positioned opposing the second rotation member through the first rotation member. The first pressing face has, at the most upstream side of the medium carrying direction, a pressure reducing part that reduces a pressing force of the first rotation member that is applied to the second rotation member.

An object of the invention is to provide a fixation member which has an unfixed toner fixation function and ensures high releasability, low chargeability, and high friction. The fixation member has an elastic layer, and a release layer on the external surface of the elastic layer, wherein the release layer is formed of a fluororesin tube having low chargeability and a percent dielectric relaxation of 15% or higher.