A fixing member includes a conductive layer that generates heat when a circulation current in a circumferential direction of the fixing member having a tubular shape is induced. The conductive layer includes segments arranged in a row in a longitudinal direction of the tubular shape and electrically separated from each other. Each segment is formed continuously over an entire circumference of the tubular shape in the circumferential direction. The conductive layer is configured such that a heat generation amount in an end portion of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction is less than a heat generation amount in a central portion of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction when an alternating magnetic field is applied to a whole area of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction in a state where a temperature of the central portion is equal to a temperature of the end portion.

A film contains a resin and a siloxane compound having a structure A represented by Formula: [RSiO.sub.1.5].sub.n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R among plural R's in the structure A is a group including an alkyl group and a difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the resin and the structure A is 3.0 or less in terms of an absolute value, and surface free energy is 40 mJ/m.sup.2 or less.

A film contains a resin and a siloxane compound having a structure A represented by Formula: [RSiO.sub.1.5].sub.n (provided that in the formula, R represents an organic group and n represents an integer of 2 or more), where at least one R among plural R's in the structure A is a group including an alkyl group and a difference in solubility parameter (SP value) between the resin and the structure A is 3.0 or less in terms of an absolute value, and a proportion of the group including the alkyl group in the siloxane compound is 10 mol % or more and 50 mol % or less.

A fixing device includes an endless belt, a stretching roller, a tension roller and a lubricant supplying roller. The tension roller is movable between a first urging position where the tension roller urges the belt and a first urge releasing position where the tension roller does not urge the belt. The lubricant supplying roller is movable between a second urging position where the lubricant supplying roller urges the belt in a state in which the tension roller is positioned in the first urging position and a second urge releasing position where the lubricant supplying roller does not urge the belt. The lubricant supplying roller is moved from the second urging position to the second urge releasing position in interlocking with a moving operation of the tension roller from the first urging position to the first urge releasing position.

A fixing member includes a conductive layer that generates heat when a circulation current in a circumferential direction of the fixing member having a tubular shape is induced. The conductive layer includes segments arranged in a row in a longitudinal direction of the tubular shape and electrically separated from each other. Each segment is formed continuously over an entire circumference of the tubular shape in the circumferential direction. The conductive layer is configured such that a heat generation amount in an end portion of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction is less than a heat generation amount in a central portion of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction when an alternating magnetic field is applied to a whole area of the fixing member in the longitudinal direction in a state where a temperature of the central portion is equal to a temperature of the end portion.

A fixing rotator including an endless shaped base layer, an elastic layer at an outer peripheral surface side of the base layer, and a surface layer fixed to an outer peripheral surface side of the elastic layer via an adhesive layer, wherein an internal stress B of a sample taken from the surface layer, as represented by a specific formula, is 3.0% or less.

A fixing rotating member comprising: a first resin layer having an endless shape; at least one heating layer on the first resin layer; a second resin layer on the heating layer; an elastic layer on the second resin layer; and, a surface layer on the elastic layer, wherein the first resin layer and the second resin layer are different from in elastic modulus at a specific temperature by at least 10%, and a neutral axis in a thickness direction of the fixing rotating member is located in the heating layer or in the second resin layer in the central region and the end region, the end region is a region from both ends of the heating layer in the width direction to a specific length toward a center, and the central region is a region of a specific length from the center to both ends.

A method of manufacturing an electrophotographic member includes performing a surface treatment on a surface layer forming surface of an underlayer to set a surface free energy of the surface layer forming surface of the underlayer to 30 mJ/m.sup.2 or more and 120 mJ/m.sup.2 or less; and forming a surface layer containing a polysiloxane compound having a T unit represented by Formula: [R.sup.1SiO.sub.3/2].sub.m (here, in the formula, R.sup.1 represents an organic group, m represents an integer of 2 or more, and at least one R.sup.1 among a plural R.sup.1's present in the T unit is a group including at least one of an alkyl group or an aryl group) on the surface layer forming surface of the underlayer.

A fixing device includes a rotatable member, a heating member in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the rotatable member; a pressing member and a metallic frame. The pressing roller includes a core metal and a rubber layer covering the core metal and forms a nip with the rotatable member. The metallic frame holds the pressing member and includes inlet and outlet portions provided with openings through which the recording material is conveyed to the nip and the recording material is conveyed from the nip to an outside. In a region other than the inlet and outlet portions, the frame is provided with an opening portion of which a length in a rotational axis direction of the pressing roller is longer than a length of the rubber layer in the rotational axis direction.

An electrophotographic belt has a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a (meth)acrylic resin, a porous-spherical particle, and an electroconductive particle different from the porous-spherical particle; in an outermost surface of the surface layer, a surface of the porous-spherical particle is coated with the (meth)acrylic resin and the electroconductive particle; the ten-point average roughness Rz (according to JIS B 0601-1994) of the outermost surface of the surface layer is 0.5 times or larger and smaller than 2 times an average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles; and an average spacing between local peaks S (according to JIS B 0601-1994) on the outermost surface of the surface layer is 4 times or larger and smaller than 30 times the average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles.