A resin belt for an image forming apparatus includes a resin base layer containing a filler. The exposed area of the filler on an inner circumferential surface side of the resin base layer is 0.1% or less.

The present disclosure provides a transparent cross-linked siloxane composition. The composition is a polymerization product of a mixture of a difunctional alkoxysilane precursor materials and a monofunctional alkoxysilane material. The monofunctional alkoxysilane material is from about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of the composition. The mole ratio of the monofunctional alkoxysilane materials to difunctional alkoxysilane precursor materials is from 1 to 4 to about 1 to 1.

Described is a fuser member including a substrate and a release layer disposed on the substrate. The release layer includes a fluoropolymer having a plurality of metal fibers having a diameter of from about 5 nanometers to about 20 microns dispersed throughout the fluoropolymer. A method of manufacturing the fuser member is also provided.

A film contains at least one macromolecular compound selected from the group consisting of resins and rubbers and an electrically conductive filler including at least a needle-shaped filler and dispersed in the macromolecular compound. The content of the electrically conductive filler is 40% by volume or more.

A fixing rotator including an endless shaped base layer, an elastic layer at an outer peripheral surface side of the base layer, and a surface layer fixed to an outer peripheral surface side of the elastic layer via an adhesive layer, wherein an internal stress B of a sample taken from the surface layer, as represented by a specific formula, is 3.0% or less.

A film contains at least one macromolecular compound selected from the group consisting of resins and rubbers and an electrically conductive filler including at least a needle-shaped filler and dispersed in the macromolecular compound. The content of the electrically conductive filler is 40% by volume or more.

Build material handling unit for a powder module for an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects, which apparatus is adapted to successively layerwise selectively irradiate and consolidate layers of a build material which can be consolidated by means of an energy source, wherein the build material handling unit is coupled or can be coupled with a powder module, wherein the build material handling unit is adapted to level and/or compact a volume of build material arranged inside a powder chamber of the powder module by controlling the gas pressure inside the powder chamber.

An electrophotographic belt has a surface layer, wherein the surface layer includes a (meth)acrylic resin, a porous-spherical particle, and an electroconductive particle different from the porous-spherical particle; in an outermost surface of the surface layer, a surface of the porous-spherical particle is coated with the (meth)acrylic resin and the electroconductive particle; the ten-point average roughness Rz (according to JIS B 0601-1994) of the outermost surface of the surface layer is 0.5 times or larger and smaller than 2 times an average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles; and an average spacing between local peaks S (according to JIS B 0601-1994) on the outermost surface of the surface layer is 4 times or larger and smaller than 30 times the average primary particle diameter of the porous-spherical particles.