The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

A system for generating a lithographic image contains a alight source that emits a diverging light beam and a reflective concave curvilinear surface onto which the diverging light beam falls and which reflects the diverging beam in the form of a converging beam. A digital hologram, which is coded in accordance with the initial lithographic image either preliminarily or dynamically with the use of a spatial light modulator, is placed into the converging beam between the reflective surface and the image-receiving object. The image of an initial lithographic image formed on the image-receiving object is subsequently used in the processes of microlithography.

System and methods for efficiently generating a high quality patterned-phase-only hologram that can be displayed on a single device are disclosed. A digital image of a holographed subject is measured as a distribution of the intensity of pixels in the image, or as an intensity image, and uniformly partitioned into a plurality of non-overlapping image blocks. A phase mask is applied to each pixel in each image block and assigned a value in the range of [0,2). The pixels are modulated with a phase value corresponding to the value applied by the phase mask, creating a modified intensity image. A complex hologram is generated from the modified intensity image. The complex hologram is generated utilizing a fast hologram generation process and then converted into a patterned-phase-only hologram. A short sequence of the patterned-phase holograms can be displayed to enhance the visual quality of the displayed holographic images.

An iterative method of retrieving phase information in the Fourier domain representative of the n.sup.th frame of a sequence of 2D image frames. The method comprises using at least one parameter related to retrieval of phase information Fourier domain of the (n1) frame as a starting point for the iterative method.

A display system (300) comprising an optical system and a processing system. The optical system comprising a spatial light modulator (380), a light source, a Fourier transform lens, a viewing system (320, 330) and a processing system. The spatial light modulator is arranged to display holographic data in the Fourier domain, illuminated by the light source. The Fourier transform lens is arranged to produce a 2D holographic reconstruction in the spatial domain (310) corresponding to the holographic data. The viewing system is arranged to produce a virtual image (350) of the 2D holographic reconstruction. The processing system is arranged to combine the Fourier domain data representative of a 2D image with Fourier domain data representative of a phase only lens to produce first holographic data, and provide the first holographic data to the optical system to produce a virtual image.

There is provided a method of projection using an optical element (502,602) having spatially variant optical power. The method comprises combining Fourier domain data representative of a 2D image with Fourier domain data having a first lensing effect (604a) to produce first holographic data. Light is spatially modulated (504,603a) with the first holographic data to form a first spatially modulated light beam. The first spatially modulated light beam is redirected using the optical element (502,602) by illuminating a first region (607) of the optical element (602) with the first spatially modulated beam. The first lensing effect (604a) compensates for the optical power of the optical element in the first region (607). Advantageous embodiments relate to a head-up display for a vehicle using the vehicle windscreen (502,602) as an optical element to redirect light to the viewer (505,609).

A LCOS routing device, comprising: an optical input and plurality of optical outputs; a spatial light modulator (SLM) between said input and output, for displaying a kinoform; a data processor, configured to provide kinoform data for displaying said kinoform on said SLM. Said data processor inputs routing and calculates said kinoform data. Said data processor calculates kinoform data by: determining an initial phase pattern for said kinoform; calculating a replay field of said phase pattern; modifying an amplitude component of said replay field, retaining a phase component of said replay field to provide an updated replay field; performing a space-frequency transform on said updated replay field to determine an updated phase pattern for said kinoform; and repeating said calculating and updating of said replay field and said performing of said space-frequency transform until said kinoform for display is determined; and outputting said kinoform data for display on said LCOS SLM.

A light irradiation device is an apparatus for irradiating an irradiation object, and includes a light source outputting readout light L1, a spatial light modulator modulating the readout light L1 in phase to output modulated light L2, and a both-sided telecentric optical system including a first lens optically coupled to a phase modulation plane of the spatial light modulator and a second lens optically coupled between the first lens and the irradiation object, and optically coupling the phase modulation plane and the irradiation object. An optical distance between the phase modulation plane and the first lens is substantially equal to a focal length of the first lens. The spatial light modulator displays a Fresnel type kinoform on the phase modulation plane.

Cryptographic techniques for encrypting images, and decrypting and reconstructing images, are provided to facilitate preventing unauthorized access to images. A holographic cryptographic component (HCC) generates complex holograms of multi-dimensional source images of a multi-dimensional object scene. The HCC generates phase holograms, based on the complex holograms, using a stochastic hologram generation process, and encrypts the phase holograms to generate encrypted holograms based on a random phase mask, which can be the private encryption key. At the decoding end, an HCC overlays a conjugate phase mask on the encrypted holograms to decrypt them, wherein the decrypted holograms are illuminated with a coherent light source to generate holographic images that reconstruct the source images. The source images are only reconstructed properly if the correct phase mask is used. If HCC applies the encryption process repetitively to the same source image, HCC can generate a different encrypted hologram in each run.

A display system (300) comprising an optical system and a processing system. The optical system comprising a spatial light modulator (380), a light source, a Fourier transform lens, a viewing system (320, 330) and a processing system. The spatial light modulator is arranged to display holographic data in the Fourier domain, illuminated by the light source. The Fourier transform lens is arranged to produce a 2D holographic reconstruction in the spatial domain (310) corresponding to the holographic data. The viewing system is arranged to produce a virtual image (350) of the 2D holographic reconstruction. The processing system is arranged to combine the Fourier domain data representative of a 2D image with Fourier domain data representative of a phase only lens to produce first holographic data, and provide the first holographic data to the optical system to produce a virtual image.