A constant-power electronic cigarette protecting against dry-heating and a controlling method thereof are provided. The electronic cigarette comprises a vaporization rod (1) with a heating resistor arranged therein and comprises a battery rod (2) in which a battery (4), a control circuit board (5) and an unlock switch button (6) and a starting switch are arranged. The heating resistor is a variable resistor with a resistance variable depending on a change in temperature and having a positive temperature coefficient. The control circuit board (5) is arranged with a microcontroller chip, a resistance detection unit, a constant-power output control unit, an output feedback unit, wherein the unlock switch button and the starting switch are electrically connected with the microcontroller chip.

A power supply unit for an aerosol inhaler includes: a first element connected in series to a load and having a first electric resistance value; a second series circuit including a second element having a second electric resistance value and a third element connected in series to the second element and having a third electric resistance value, and connected in parallel with a first series circuit including the load and the first element; and an operational amplifier in which one of a non-inverting input terminal and an inverting input terminal is connected to the first series circuit, and the other of the non-inverting input terminal and the inverting input terminal is connected to the second series circuit. Each of the first to third electric resistance values is larger than the electric resistance value of the load at a normal temperature or a temperature in a predetermined temperature range.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, the heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed on the planar attachment face, and connectors arranged at opposite ends of the heating element and forming two separate electrical contacts configured to apply power to the filament arrangement, at least a portion of the heater assembly is fluid-permeable, and the heater assembly is arranged over the open end of the housing.

Various example embodiments relate to a nicotine electronic vaping device, system, method, and/or non-transitory computer readable medium for protecting a nicotine electronic vaping device from overheating based on a steady state resistance prediction. The nicotine electronic vaping device may include a reservoir containing a nicotine pre-vapor formulation, a heating element configured to heat nicotine pre-vapor formulation drawn from the reservoir, and control circuitry configured to monitor a resistance value of the heating element over a first time period after a first application of negative pressure to the nicotine electronic vaping device, determine an estimated steady state resistance value of the heating element based on the monitored resistance value using a trained neural network, and control power to the heating element based on the estimated steady state resistance value.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

An aerosol-generating system including a cartridge is provided, the cartridge including a liquid storage portion including a housing configured to hold a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an opening; and a heater assembly including at least one heater element fixed to the housing and extending across an opening of the housing, wherein a width of the at least one heater element of the heater assembly is smaller than a width of the opening of the housing. The heater element may be spaced from a periphery of the opening, leading to more efficient heating and aerosol production.

Various example embodiments relate to a nicotine electronic vaping device, system, method, and/or non-transitory computer readable medium for protecting a nicotine electronic vaping device from overheating based on a steady state resistance prediction. The nicotine electronic vaping device may include a reservoir containing a nicotine pre-vapor formulation, a heating element configured to heat nicotine pre-vapor formulation drawn from the reservoir, and control circuitry configured to monitor a resistance value of the heating element over a first time period after a first application of negative pressure to the nicotine electronic vaping device, determine an estimated steady state resistance value of the heating element based on the monitored resistance value using a trained neural network, and control power to the heating element based on the estimated steady state resistance value.

The present invention relates to a substrate support unit and a temperature control method of the substrate support unit, and more specifically, to a substrate support unit and a temperature control method of the substrate support unit, which can accurately measure and adjust the temperature of each zone when the substrate support unit that supports and heats a substrate is divided into a plurality of zones.

An aerosol-generating system is provided, including: an aerosol-generating device including a power source; and a cartridge removably coupled to the aerosol-generating device, the cartridge including: a liquid storage portion including a housing having an open end and containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, a heater assembly at the open end of the housing and including a planar electrical heating element to heat the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to form an aerosol, and a capillary material in contact with the planar electrical heating element and being configured to convey the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the planar electrical heating element, the liquid storage portion being at a first side of the heater assembly and an airflow channel being at a second side of the heater assembly, and the power source of the aerosol-generating device is to supply power to the heater assembly.

A heater drive apparatus functions as a power supply control apparatus, and controls power supply to an electrical heating wire. In the heater drive apparatus, a current output circuit and a detection resistor function as a current detection unit, and detect a current flowing through the electrical heating wire. A microcomputer repeatedly calculates an electrical heating wire temperature relating to the electrical heating wire based on the detected current. A drive circuit functions as a switching unit, and switches a switch on or off in accordance with the calculated electrical heating wire temperature.