A memory controller includes: a read operation controller for controlling the plurality of memory devices to perform read operation on a plurality of pages included in one stripe; an over-sampling read voltage determiner for determining over-sampling read voltages, based on soft read data of a selected page among at least two pages, when read operations on the at least two pages among the plurality of pages fail; an error bit recovery for recovering error estimation bits included in read data of the selected page, based on an over-sampling read data of the selected page, which is acquired using the over-sampling read voltages; and an error corrector for performing error correction decoding on conversion data obtained by recovering the error estimation bits included in the read data of the selected page. The plurality of pages included in one stripe is included in different memory devices among the plurality of memory devices.

To efficiently recover from a multiple storage node failure, a storage node concurrently restores data fragments to the multiple failed storage nodes, as opposed to restoring each node individually. In the VCS based storage technique, storage nodes are restored as part of an ECG repair process. For each ECG being repaired, a storage node performing the restoration process reads data fragments from active nodes in the ECG and generates new data fragments to replace any lost data fragments. The node then stores one of the new data fragments across each of the failed storage nodes. By concurrently restoring data fragments to each failed storage node, the data fragments needed to repair each ECG are only read once, thereby preserving disk operations and network bandwidth.

A method for operating a memory system includes determining whether a recovery operation is performed, when power is supplied after being interrupted, generating an internal command for checking an operation status of a memory device when a recovery operation starts, accessing at least one open memory block in the memory device in response to the internal command, checking an operation status of the at least one open memory block, programming a preset amount of dummy data on a preset number of blank pages from a boundary programmed page in the at least one open memory block, and restoring data associated with the recovery operation in the at least one open block.

A system includes a memory and at least one processor to continually analyze at least one of metrics, events, and conditions in a computer network, under normal operating conditions in the computer network, obtain a first level of data from at least one hardware device in the computer network, detect that one of a condition and an event has occurred in the computer network, automatically transmit an instruction to modify the first level of data obtained from the at least one hardware device to a second level of data more robust than the first level of data when one of the condition and the event has occurred, collect the second level of data from the at least one hardware device, and store the second level of data obtained from the at least one hardware device.

A memory system includes: a memory device including a master block and a back-up master block; and a controller suitable for performing a boot operation by using boot data that is read from the master block or the back-up master block, wherein the controller includes: a booting manager suitable for reading boot data from the back-up master block when an operation of reading the boot data from the master block failed; and a test read manager suitable for performing a test read operation on the back-up master block whenever the number of times that the boot data is read reaches a threshold, and performing a recovery operation on the back-up master block when the test read operation is fails.

A memory system for performing a recovery operation is provided. A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of memory cells constituting a plurality of sub-sets, and a memory controller for controlling the memory device. The memory controller controls the memory device to manage a read count indicating a number of read operations performed by the memory device for each of the plurality of sub-sets, and to perform a recovery operation on a sub-set, among the plurality of sub-sets, based on the read count corresponding to the read count. Each of a plurality of sub-sets includes a plurality of pages. Each of the plurality of pages is a unit in which a read operation is performed in the plurality of memory cells.

A method for operating a microcontroller, which includes a processor and a peripheral circuit on a common chip, the method including initiating a process in the peripheral circuit, in the peripheral circuit generating recovery data, executing the process, checking whether the process has been executed successfully and, in the event that the check reveals that the process has not been executed successfully, generating recovered data from the recovery data, and executing the process again.

A technique is configured to provide various data protection schemes, such as replication and erasure coding, for data blocks of volumes served by storage nodes of a cluster configured to perform deduplication of the data blocks. Additionally, the technique is configured to ensure that each deduplicated data block complies with data redundancy guarantees of the data protection schemes, while improving storage space of the storage nodes. In order to satisfy the data integrity guarantees while improving available storage space, the storage nodes perform periodic garbage collection for data blocks to optimize storage in accordance with currently applicable data protection schemes.

A data stream is stored in storage media. As part of the storage, the data stream is divided into a plurality of chunks. The plurality of chunks include a target chunk that is next to a first chunk in a file within the data stream. A determination is made that the target chunk matches an existing chunk stored in the storage media. In response to the determination, a first pointer to the existing stored chunk is created in file metadata for the file. Also in response to the determination, a second pointer to a first stored chunk that matches the first chunk is created in chunk metadata embedded with the existing stored chunk.

Technology is disclosed for storing data in a distributed storage system using a virtual chunk service (VCS). In the VCS based storage technique, a storage node (node) is split into multiple VCSs and each of the VCSs can be assigned a unique ID in the distributed storage. A set of VCSs from a set of nodes form a storage group, which also can be assigned a unique ID in the distributed storage. When a data object is received for storage, a storage group is identified for the data object, the data object is encoded to generate multiple fragments and each fragment is stored in a VCS of the identified storage group. The data recovery process is made more efficient by using metadata, e.g., VCS to storage node mapping, storage group to VCS mapping, VCS to objects mapping, which eliminates resource intensive read and write operations during recovery.